ETC / OxPhos (complete) Flashcards
What is the energy currency in the cell
ATP
What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic processes
Anabolic processes build up things and use energy
Catabolic processes break things down, and produce energy
What are the three different phases of cellular respiration
- Nutrient catabolism
- Citrate/Krebs cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
what is nutrient catabolism
the breakdown of molecules, and preparation of them to enter the krebs cycle
What is the main precursor to the citrate cycle
Acetyl-CoA
What is the main function of the citrate cycle
to produce ATP and reducing agents (NADH, FADH)
is the citrate cycle better at producing ATP or reducing agents
reducing agents
Which metabolic fuels are converted into Acetyl-CoA before entering the Krebs cycle
- glucose
- ketones
- fatty acids
- Some amino acids
Which metabolic fuels don’t need to be converted into Acetyl-CoA before entering the Krebs cycle
some amino acids
how many NADH, FADH, and ATP does one cycle of the Krebs cycle produce
3 NADH
1 FADH
1 ATP
How many ATP does one cycle of the krebs cycle lead to (after the NADH and FADH go through ETC/OxPhos
10
For a glucose molecule in aerobic conditions how many cycles of the krebs cycle do we get
2
for a ketone how many cycles of the krebs cycle do we get
2
For Beta Oxidation how many NADH’s FADH’s and Acetyl-CoA’s do we get
you take the number of carbons in the fatty acid, divide that number by two. that is the number of Acetyl-CoA’s you get.
Take the number of carbons in the fatty acid, divide that number by two, then subtract one from that number. that is the number of FADH, and NADH you get
How many ATPs do you get from the beta oxidation of palmitate
106.
Don’t forget to subtract 2 for charging the fatty acid
What are the intermediates of the Krebs cycle
Acetyl-CoA Citrate Isocitrate alpha-ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA Succinate Fumarate Malate Oxaloacetate
Which of the steps of the krebs cycle are irreversable
Citrate synthase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What is the citrate synthase step
the step of taking oxaloacetate and Acetyl-CoA and making Citrate
What are the regulators of citrate synthase
None, but it is indirectly impacted by high levels of NADH
(this lowers Oxaloacetate and Acetyl-CoA
What is the isocitrate dehydrogenase step
the step that creates NADH and CO2
goes from isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate
What are the regulators of isocitrate dehydrogenase
ATP, and NADH (high energy in the cell will inhibit the krebs cycle)
What is the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase step
The second step that creates NADH and CO2
goes from alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA