ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards
where is NAH and FADH2 produced?
in the mitochondrial matrix by catabolic processes (glycolysis, PDH, TCA cycle)
What is electron transport ?
moving electrons of the NADH or FADH2 (high energy compounds) along the inner mitochondrial components that are fixed in the membrane
what is oxidative phophorylation?
converting energy into energy that can be synthesized into ATP from ADP
what complexes contain iron-sulfur proteins? why is it important?
complex I, II and III
dynamic role in electron transfer process
what does hypoxia do to the ETC?
decreases the rate of ETC and ATP production
a drop in cellular ATP increases anerobic glycolysis and lactic acid production– anerobic glycolysis cannot meet most tissue demands
what can results from hypoxia?
myocardial infarction - tissue damage, leakage of enzymes (CK 1,2,LDH) and triponin I and T
Which molecule has the highest energy and lowest?
ATP, ADP, AMP
ATP - highest = more negative delta G
AMP - lowest
where does ETC and OP happen?
inner mitochondria membrane
what is the purpose of ETC?
make ATP from ADP using NADH and FADH2
what is the final proton acceptor and product?
oxygen
water
at what complexes are protons pumped into intrermembrane space
complex 1,3, 4
when will ETC be active?
high NADH/NAD+ ratio
Low ATP/ADP ratio (or high ADP)
Where is malate transproted?
into the mitochondria
where is aspartate transported?
out of the mitochondria
what phospholipid is essential for functioning of the ETC?
cardiolipin
what part in the ETC can an electron be lost and a superoxide may be formed?
at CoQ - entry point of electrons from glycerolphophate shuttle
when is the only time the heme groups intereact with molecular oxygen?
complex IV - the other complexes they just transport electrons
Name eight drugs or compounds that inhibit the ETC.
The ETC is inhibited by Amytal, Rotenone , Pericidin A, Antimycin A, Sodium azide, cyanide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide.
- Name 2 inhibitors of ADP-ATP translocase
The ADP-ATP translocase is inhibited by the toxins from plants like atractyloside and bongkrekic acid.
- How can ATP formation be described using the Mitchell’ Chemiosmotic theory?
The generation of a proton gradient by complex I, III and IV allows the usage of the energy of the generated proton gradient when the protons flow back into mitochondria through ATP synthase.
The energy generated by the proton gradient is enough to perform the ATP generation by ATP synthase, however, the ATP formation has to be connected to the ETC transport chain.
list the 7 diseases involving mutation in mitochondrial DNA
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Myoclonic epilepsy Ragged-Red Fiber Disease MELAS Aminoglycoside Induced Deafness Rhabdomyolysis Leigh disease (neurological disorder due to mutation of PDH, ETC or ATP synthase, nuclear and mtDNA can be affected)
