ET2 Flashcards
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is a specialised part of the thalamus. What type of information does the LGN process?
A.
Auditory
B.
Gustatory
C.
Visual
D.
Olfactory
C
The LGN receives visual input from retinal ganglion cells and transmits that information to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
The pontine nuclei receive information from the motor cortex and relay this information to which other region of the brain?
A.
Cerebellum
B.
Visual cortex
C.
Superior colliculus
D.
Spinal cord
A
The pontine nuclei receive input from the motor cortex and send information about intended movement to the cerebellum via the pontocerebellar tract. The terminal processes of the pontine nuclei form the mossy fibres that synapse onto cerebellar granule cells.
Which of the following nuclei in the medulla receives somatosensory information from the spinal cord and sends that information to the thalamus?
A.
Raphe nucleus
B.
Inferior olivary nucleus
C.
Solitary nucleus
D..
Gracile nucleus
D
The dorsal column nuceli in the medulla consist of the gracile nucleus (lower body) and cuneate nucleus (upper body). These nuclei receive somatosensory information from the spinal cord and send that information to the thalamus.
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain contains neurons that project to various brain regions to modulate activity. What is the main neurotransmitter that these neurons release?
A.
Dopamine (DA)
B.
Noradrenaline (NA)
C.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
D.
Serotonin (5HT)
A
The midbrain tegmentum is the main dopaminergic region of the brain. It contains dopamine-releasing neurons of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.
Which of the following brain structures is generated by the diencephalon?
A.
Medulla
B.
Tectum
C..
Hypothalamus
D.
Pons
C
The anterior/rostral part of the pallium forms the frontal lobe region of the cerebral cortex. Which of the following types of information is associated with this lobe?
A.
Visual
B.
Motor
C.
Somatosensory
D.
Auditory
B
The back part of the frontal lobe is where the pre-central gyrus is situated. This region contains the primary motor cortex.
Which of the following regions of the brain generates the striatum?
A.
Subpallium
B.
Diencephalon
C.
Pallium
D.
Mesencephalon
A
The ventral part of the telencephalon form the sub-pallium and the medial ganglionic eminence generates GABAergic neurons that congregate to form the striatum
In the medulla, what type of information does the superior olive process?
A.
Auditory
B.
Gustatory
C.
Olfactory
D.
Visual
A
The superior olive receives auditory input from the cochlear nuclei and sends that information to the inferior colliculus of the midbrain.
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a key modulatory centre of the brainstem. What neurotransmitter do the LC neurons release?
A.
Dopamine (DA)
B.
Noradrenaline (NA)
C.
Histamine (HA)
D.
Serotonin (5HT)
B
The locus coeruleus is the main noradrenergic centre in the brain. It is involved in fight or flight responses and modulation of pain intensity.
Which of the following regions of the cerebrum contains the primary auditory cortex?
A.
Temporal lobe
B.
Frontal lobe
C.
Occipital lobe
D.
Parietal lobe
A
The primary auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. The frontal lobe is motor, parietal lobe somatosensory and occipital lobe processes visual information.
