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ESWS EXC Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rank and pay grade of the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy?

A

E-9

The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy is the most senior enlisted member of the U.S. Navy.

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2
Q

Who appoints the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy?

A

Chief of Naval Operations

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3
Q

What are the primary duties of the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy?

A

Senior enlisted advisor to the Chief of Naval Operations and Chief of Naval Personnel

Duties include addressing enlisted personnel issues and observing training.

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4
Q

What is the personnel code for the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy?

A

N00A

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5
Q

What significant role was established for the spouse of the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy in 1988?

A

Ombudsman-at-Large

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6
Q

Who was the first Senior Enlisted Advisor, which evolved into the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy?

A

Master Chief Gunner’s Mate (GMCM) Black

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7
Q

When was the Sailor’s Creed first developed?

A

1986

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8
Q

Who proposed the idea to create a Code of Ethics for the Navy leading to the Sailor’s Creed?

A

Admiral James B. Watkins

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9
Q

What was the original name of the Sailor’s Creed before it was shortened?

A

The Navy Uniform

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10
Q

When was the current version of the Sailor’s Creed developed?

A

1993

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11
Q

What were the two years when the Sailor’s Creed was revised after 1993?

A

1994 and 1997

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12
Q

What are the current Navy Core Values?

A
  • Honor
  • Courage
  • Commitment
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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The first Core Value is _______.

A

Honor

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14
Q

What does the Core Value of Honor entail?

A

Conducting ourselves ethically, being honest, accepting recommendations, and keeping our word

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The second Core Value is _______.

A

Courage

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16
Q

What does the Core Value of Courage emphasize?

A

Making decisions in the best interest of the Navy and the nation

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17
Q

True or False: The Sailor’s Creed is taught and recited in boot camp and officer accession programs.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the value that gives us the moral and mental strength to do what is right?

A

Courage

Courage enables individuals to face personal or professional adversity.

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19
Q

What are the key commitments outlined for Navy personnel?

A
  • Demand respect up and down the chain of command
  • Care for the safety, professional, personal and spiritual well-being of our people
  • Show respect toward all people without regard to race, religion, or gender
  • Treat each individual with human dignity
  • Be committed to positive change and constant improvement
  • Exhibit the highest degree of moral character, technical excellence, quality and competence

These commitments aim to foster a respectful and effective work environment.

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20
Q

What are the three major classes of warship that existed at the inception of the navy?

A
  • Ships of the line
  • Frigates
  • Sloops of war

These classes represent the evolution of naval warfare and ship design.

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21
Q

What were the characteristics of Ships of the Line?

A

The battleships of the sailing days, carrying 64 to 100 guns of various sizes

Ships of the line were the largest of all sailing warships.

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22
Q

What were Frigates known for during the 18th century?

A

They were the cruisers, usually smaller than average ships-of-the-line and faster, carrying 28 to 44 guns

Frigates played a vital role in naval engagements.

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23
Q

What were Sloops of War?

A

Small sailing warships that carried 10 to 20 guns

Sloops of war were important for various naval operations.

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24
Q

What was the total cost authorized by Congress for the original six frigates?

A

$688,888.82

This funding was approved by the Naval Act of 1794.

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25
Q

Name the original six frigates of the United States Navy.

A
  • Chesapeake
  • Constitution
  • President
  • United States
  • Congress
  • Constellation

These frigates were built to engage powerful enemy ships and protect American interests.

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26
Q

What is the oldest US Navy commissioned vessel?

A

USS Constitution

Launched on 21 October 1797, Constitution is known as ‘OLD IRONSIDE’.

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27
Q

When is the Navy’s birthday?

A

13 October 1775

This date marks the establishment of the U.S. Navy.

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28
Q

What were the conditions that led to the formation of the U.S. Navy?

A
  • Colonies of England faced trade restrictions
  • Issues arose from ‘taxation without representation’
  • Formation of Committees of Correspondence
  • First Continental Congress met on 5 September 1774
  • Second Continental Congress convened on 10 May 1775
  • Appointment of George Washington as Commander in Chief on 15 June 1775
  • Creation of a Continental navy

The U.S. Navy was formed in response to the need for protection and independence.

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29
Q

Who was the first commander in chief of the Continental Navy?

A

Esek Hopkins

Esek Hopkins put the first squadron of the Continental Navy to sea in February 1776.

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30
Q

What is the first ship named after an enlisted person?

A

USS Osmond Ingram (DD 255)

Launched on 28 Feb 1919, Ingram was the first enlisted man killed in action in World War I.

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31
Q

What are some ships that have been named after enlisted Sailors?

A
  • USS Osmond Ingram
  • USS The Sullivans
  • USS Cole
  • USS Benfold
  • USS Stetham
  • USS McFaul
  • USS Oscar Austin
  • USS Pinkney

These ships honor enlisted personnel for their service.

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32
Q

What is the origin of the hand salute?

A

The hand salute is centuries old and probably originated when men in armor raised their helmet visors to be identified.

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33
Q

When is a sailor allowed to salute left-handed?

A

A sailor may salute left-handed if his right arm or hand is encumbered.

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34
Q

Do Army or Air Force personnel salute left-handed?

A

No, Army or Air Force personnel never salute left-handed.

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35
Q

Can a soldier or airman salute while sitting down?

A

Yes, a soldier or airman may salute sitting down or uncovered.

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36
Q

What is the Navy’s rule regarding saluting while uncovered?

A

A sailor does not salute when uncovered but may salute when seated in a vehicle.

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37
Q

What should a woman in uniform do indoors when men remove their hats?

A

She does not remove her hat nor does she salute, but uses the proper spoken greeting.

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38
Q

What is the correct posture for a hand salute?

A

Upper arm parallel to the deck, forearm at a 45-degree angle, palm inward, fingers extended and joined, forefinger touching cap beak.

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39
Q

What should you do after saluting an officer?

A

Hold the salute until acknowledged, then bring your hand smartly to your side.

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40
Q

To whom should all personnel in the naval service salute?

A

All officers, men and women, of all U.S. services and all allied foreign services.

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41
Q

What should a person do upon coming on board a Navy ship?

A

Salute the national ensign.

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42
Q

What is the procedure for saluting the national ensign when leaving a ship?

A

Salute the national ensign, then salute the officer of the deck in inverse order.

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43
Q

What is the custom when passed by or passing the national ensign being carried?

A

All persons in the naval service shall salute.

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44
Q

How do merchant ships salute Navy ships?

A

By dipping their ensigns.

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45
Q

What does a merchant ship do when saluting a U.S. Navy ship?

A

Lowers its national colors to half-mast.

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46
Q

What happens after the Navy ship lowers its ensign during a salute?

A

The Navy ship raises the ensign after a few seconds.

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47
Q

Fill in the blank: A sailor should salute from a position of _______.

A

attention

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48
Q

What is the procedure for a Navy ship when hoisting colors?

A

The Navy ship will hoist her colors, dip for the salute, close them up again, and then haul them down after a suitable interval.

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49
Q

Do naval vessels salute first?

A

No, naval vessels dip the ensign only to answer a salute; they never salute first.

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50
Q

What is a gun salute and its historical context?

A

A gun salute is a friendly gesture making a ship powerless for the duration of the salute, as it took as much as 20 minutes to load and fire a gun.

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51
Q

Who prescribes the gun salutes in the Navy?

A

Gun salutes are prescribed by Navy Regulations and are fired only by ships and stations designated by the Secretary of the Navy.

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52
Q

What is the national salute and when is it fired?

A

A national salute of 21 guns is fired on Washington’s Birthday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, and to honor the President of the United States and heads of foreign states.

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53
Q

How many guns are fired for a Vice Admiral’s salute?

A

17 guns.

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54
Q

How many guns are fired for a Rear Admiral’s salute?

A

15 guns.

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55
Q

How many guns are fired for a Commodore’s salute?

A

13 guns.

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56
Q

How many guns are fired for a Commodore’s salute?

A

11 guns.

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57
Q

What is the time interval for firing salutes?

A

Salutes are fired at intervals of 5 seconds and always in odd numbers.

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58
Q

What are the ‘Morning Colors’ and ‘Evening Colors’ in the Navy?

A

Ceremonies performed at 0800 and sunset each day.

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59
Q

What must individuals outdoors do when Colors is played?

A

Those outdoors must stop to render proper courtesies by saluting if in uniform or standing at attention if out of uniform.

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60
Q

What is expected of Marines and sailors driving on base during the Colors ceremony?

A

They are expected to stop their vehicles and stand at attention until the ceremony is over.

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61
Q

What are the six areas that comprise Naval Doctrine?

A
  • Naval Warfare
  • Naval Intelligence
  • Naval Operations
  • Naval Logistics
  • Naval Planning
  • Naval Command and Control
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62
Q

Define the term ‘Ensign’.

A

An ensign is a distinguishing flag of a ship or a military unit; or a distinguishing token, emblem, or badge.

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63
Q

Define the term ‘National Flag’.

A

A National Flag is a flag that symbolizes a country, flown by the government.

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64
Q

Define the term ‘Navy Jack’.

A

A jack is a national (originally naval) flag flown from a short jackstaff at the bow of a vessel.

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65
Q

What does the Union Jack represent?

A

The Union Jack is a maritime flag representing United States nationality

It is flown on the jack staff in the bow of its vessels.

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66
Q

Where is the jack flown on a ship?

A

The jack is flown on the bow (front) of a ship

The ensign is flown on the stern (rear) of a ship when anchored or moored.

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67
Q

What flag is flown from the main mast once a ship is underway?

A

The ensign

The ensign is the national flag of the United States.

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68
Q

What was the primary design of the jack until September 11, 2002?

A

The blue canton with stars (the ‘union’) from the U.S. national ensign

This design is often referred to as the Union Jack.

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69
Q

What flag is flown by the Navy instead of the Union Jack since September 11, 2002?

A

The First Navy Jack

It features 13 red and white stripes, a rattlesnake, and the motto ‘DONT TREAD ON ME’.

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70
Q

When is the First Navy Jack flown?

A

From 08:00 to sunset while Navy ships are moored or at anchor

It must be the same size as the union of the ensign being flown.

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71
Q

What is the motto on the First Navy Jack?

A

‘DONT TREAD ON ME’

This motto comes from the first jacks supposedly used by the Navy during the Revolutionary War.

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72
Q

True or False: The jack is dipped when the ensign is dipped.

A

False

The jack is not dipped when the ensign is dipped.

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73
Q

When was the Continental Navy established?

A

On 13 October 1775

This was authorized by the Continental Congress.

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74
Q

What significant event occurred on 10 November 1775?

A

Congress resolved to raise two battalions of Marines

This date is also celebrated as the Marine’s Birthday.

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75
Q

What document adopted on 28 November 1775 applied to both Marines and Sailors?

A

‘Rules for the Regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies’

This document established regulations for both branches.

76
Q

What power does the U.S. Constitution give Congress regarding the Navy?

A

To provide and maintain a navy

The Constitution does not explicitly mention the power to create a Marine Corps.

77
Q

What was authorized by the ‘Act to provide a naval armament’ signed by President Washington in 1794?

A

The provision of six armed ships, including Marines in the crew

This act marked the inclusion of Marines in naval operations under the Constitution.

78
Q

What did the act signed on 1 July 1797 empower the President to do?

A

To cause three frigates to be manned and employed

Crews were to include Marines as part of the naval force.

79
Q

What was the historic mission of Marines aboard naval vessels?

A

To protect naval officers, maintain order, and act as an offensive force

This mission has been consistent since the establishment of the Corps.

80
Q

When was the Department of the Navy established?

A

On 30 April 1798

This act was signed by President John Adams.

81
Q

What initiated the undeclared Quasi-War with France?

A

Congress authorized the public vessels of the United States to capture armed French vessels

This occurred on 28 May 1798.

82
Q

When was the United States Marine Corps established?

A

On 11 July 1798

The act established the Corps and allowed them to serve on naval vessels and shore duty.

83
Q

What does the act establishing the Marine Corps imply about its relationship with the Navy?

A

The Marine Corps has no independent existence or mission outside the Navy

The President could discharge Marines based on the number of vessels in commission.

84
Q

What was the significance of the Barbary Wars?

A

The first American war against Libya and the first war waged by the United States outside national boundaries after gaining independence.

85
Q

Which four Barbary States were involved in the Barbary Wars?

A
  • Morocco
  • Algiers
  • Tunis
  • Tripoli
86
Q

What was the primary method of survival for the Barbary States?

A

Blackmail through plundering seaborne commerce and demanding tribute money.

87
Q

During which period did Muslim pirates from North Africa primarily plunder ships?

A

During the Crusades (1095-1295).

88
Q

Who was Khair ad Din, and what was his significance?

A

Also known as Barbarossa, he seized Algiers in 1510 and recognized the Ottoman sultan’s authority, becoming the sultan’s regent.

89
Q

What does the term ‘Barbary’ derive from?

A

Barbarossa, meaning ‘red beard’.

90
Q

What led to the United States paying tribute to the Barbary States after independence?

A

American merchant ships were seized by Barbary pirates, leading to the enslavement of American crews.

91
Q

How much did the United States agree to pay Tripoli annually in 1799?

A

$18,000.

92
Q

What was the slogan used by the United States during the Barbary Wars?

A

“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”

93
Q

Who led the naval squadrons into the Mediterranean during the Barbary Wars?

A

Commodores Richard Dale and Edward Preble.

94
Q

What did Lieutenant Stephen Decatur do on February 16, 1804?

A

Led a raid to burn the captured American frigate The Philadelphia.

95
Q

How did British Admiral Lord Nelson describe Decatur’s raid?

A

“The most daring act of the age.”

96
Q

What action did Boatswains Mate Ruben James take during the raid?

A

He put himself between an attacking pirate and Commander Decatur, protecting him.

97
Q

What was the outcome for Ruben James after the raid?

A

He recovered from his wounds and served in the Navy for another 32 years.

98
Q

What legacy did the actions of Decatur and Somers leave for the naval service?

A

They set valorous examples for the young naval service.

99
Q

What event is commemorated in the Marine Corp Hymn with the phrase ‘To the Shores of Tripoli’?

A

The storming of the Barbary pirates’ harbor fortress stronghold of Derna in 1805

This event involved the first U.S. forces hoisting the flag over territory in the Old World.

100
Q

Who is remembered for heroism in the battle for Derna?

A

First Lieutenant O’Bannon

O’Bannon’s Marines were the first U.S. forces to hoist the flag in the Old World.

101
Q

What sword is carried by Marine officers today that was presented to O’Bannon in 1805?

A

The ‘Mameluke’ sword

This sword symbolizes the historical connection to the Marines’ actions during the Barbary Wars.

102
Q

Who negotiated a peace settlement with the Pacha in June 1805?

A

Tobias Lear

His treaty was accepted despite the opposition from William Eaton.

103
Q

What was William Eaton’s role before the war declared by Tripoli in 1801?

A

He was appointed consul to Tunis in 1798

Eaton sought to reinstate the exiled Hamet Karamanli to effect peace.

104
Q

In what year did Eaton return to the Mediterranean with the title ‘Navy Agent to the Barbary States’?

A

1804

He returned with permission to carry out his plans to restore the exiled ruler.

105
Q

What military conflict occurred between June 18, 1812, and February 18, 1815?

A

The War of 1812

This war involved significant naval engagements and conflicts with British forces.

106
Q

Who commanded the naval squadrons that returned to the Mediterranean after the War of 1812?

A

Commodores Decatur and Bainbridge

Their actions helped gain respect for the new American nation.

107
Q

What was the outcome of Decatur’s treaties with the Barbary states?

A

Eliminated the United States paying tribute

This was a significant diplomatic achievement after the War of 1812.

108
Q

What event marked the first battle ever between ironclads?

A

The battle between the Virginia and the Monitor

This battle occurred off Hampton Roads on March 9, 1862.

109
Q

What happened to the Virginia at the end of 1862?

A

The Confederates set fire to it rather than let it be captured by Union troops

This occurred after Norfolk was captured.

110
Q

What led to the U.S. intervention in the Spanish-American War?

A

The explosion of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana harbor

This incident occurred on February 15, 1898 and heightened tensions with Spain.

111
Q

What territories did the U.S. gain as a result of the Spanish-American War?

A

Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines

The war ended Spain’s colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere.

112
Q

Fill in the blank: The Spanish-American War of 1898 secured the position of the United States as a _______.

A

Pacific power

This war enabled the U.S. to establish its predominance in the Caribbean and pursue interests in Asia.

113
Q

What was the duration of the fighting by Cuban revolutionaries seeking independence from Spanish rule before the Spanish-American War?

A

From 1895 to 1898

This conflict drew American attention due to its proximity and impact on regional stability.

114
Q

True or False: The Virginia was the first ironclad ship to be sunk.

A

False

The Monitor sank during a storm, while the Virginia was set on fire by Confederates.

115
Q

What event prompted President William McKinley to ask Congress for authorization on April 11, 1898?

A

To end the fighting in Cuba between the rebels and Spanish forces and to establish a stable government.

McKinley sought to maintain order and ensure the peace and security of Cuban and U.S. citizens.

116
Q

What did the U.S. Congress pass on April 20, 1898?

A

A joint resolution acknowledging Cuban independence and demanding Spain give up control of the island.

It also authorized McKinley to use military measures to guarantee Cuba’s independence.

117
Q

What action did McKinley take on April 22, 1898, in response to Spain’s rejection of the U.S. ultimatum?

A

He implemented a naval blockade of Cuba and called for 125,000 military volunteers.

This was followed by Spain declaring war on the United States.

118
Q

When did the U.S. Congress vote to go to war against Spain?

A

April 25, 1898.

119
Q

Who described the conflict with Spain as a ‘splendid little war’?

A

John Hay, the future Secretary of State.

120
Q

What was the first battle of the Spanish-American War?

A

The battle at Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.

121
Q

When did U.S. troops land at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba?

A

June 10, 1898.

122
Q

What significant naval action occurred on July 3, 1898?

A

The U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish Caribbean squadron attempting to escape the blockade of Santiago.

123
Q

What was signed on August 12, 1898, marking the end of hostilities?

A

A cease-fire agreement.

124
Q

What treaty officially ended the Spanish-American War?

A

The Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898.

125
Q

What territories did Spain cede to the United States as a result of the Treaty of Paris?

A
  • Guam
  • Puerto Rico
  • The Philippines for $20 million.
126
Q

When did the U.S. Senate ratify the Treaty of Paris?

A

February 6, 1899.

127
Q

What was the significance of Hawaii in the context of U.S. expansionism?

A

Hawaii was seen as vital to the U.S. economy and a strategic base for U.S. interests in Asia.

128
Q

What joint resolution made Hawaii a U.S. territory?

A

Passed on August 12, 1898.

129
Q

What was the purpose of the Great White Fleet’s cruise starting December 16, 1907?

A

To demonstrate the strength of the U.S. Navy as a diplomatic tool.

130
Q

What was the date of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

December 7, 1941.

131
Q

What was the immediate consequence of the Pearl Harbor attack for the United States?

A

The United States declared war on Japan.

132
Q

What was the main objective of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

To prevent the U.S. Pacific Fleet from influencing Japan’s planned war in Southeast Asia.

133
Q

How many U.S. battleships were sunk during the Pearl Harbor attack?

A

Four battleships were sunk.

134
Q

What were the casualty figures for the U.S. during the Pearl Harbor attack?

A
  • 2,402 personnel killed
  • 1,282 wounded.
135
Q

Fill in the blank: The attack on Pearl Harbor was conducted by the _______.

A

[Imperial Japanese Navy].

136
Q

What was the outcome of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

Japanese losses included 29 aircraft and five midget submarines, with 65 servicemen killed or wounded

One Japanese sailor was captured during the attack.

137
Q

What was the significance of December 7, according to President Franklin D. Roosevelt?

A

He proclaimed it ‘a date which will live in infamy’ due to the surprise attack by Japan

This attack marked a major engagement of World War II and shocked the American public.

138
Q

What was the primary objective of the Allies in the Battle of the Atlantic?

A

To blockade the Axis powers and secure shipping routes across the Atlantic

This was crucial for waging war overseas without impediment.

139
Q

Who coined the term ‘Battle of the Atlantic’?

A

Winston Churchill

He described it as a protracted struggle for shipping routes.

140
Q

What was Churchill’s primary concern during the Battle of the Atlantic?

A

The U-boat peril posed by German submarines

He stated it was the only thing that really frightened him during the war.

141
Q

How many ocean-going vessels did Britain have at the start of World War II?

A

3,000 ocean-going vessels and 1,000 large coastal ships

These required 160,000 men to operate.

142
Q

What was the German navy’s condition following World War I?

A

It was in poor condition, underestimating the role of U-boats initially

Only 46 vessels were operational at the start.

143
Q

What were the names of the British ships sunk during the early part of World War II?

A

The pocket battleship Graf Spee and the battleship Bismarck

Graf Spee was sunk in December 1939 and Bismarck in 1941.

144
Q

What challenge did the British face regarding U-boats in the Western Atlantic?

A

The air gap that prevented the RAF from fully patrolling U-boats

The Allied occupation of Iceland provided some strategic advantage.

145
Q

What strategy did Admiral Dönitz develop for U-boat operations?

A

The ‘wolfpack’ strategy

This involved U-boats closing in on the enemy at night.

146
Q

What technology did the British Navy rely on to detect submerged U-boats?

A

Asdic, an early form of sonar

However, it was ineffective against the wolfpack maneuver.

147
Q

What geographical advantages did Germany gain by conquering Norway and France?

A

Forward bases that increased U-boats’ range and allowed long-range aircraft patrols

This enhanced the effectiveness of U-boat reconnaissance.

148
Q

What was the result of increased U-boat success for British shipping?

A

Britain had to divert shipping away from vulnerable ports and provide naval escorts

This increased the risk and complexity of transatlantic journeys.

149
Q

What agreement did Churchill negotiate with the US to help Britain?

A

The destroyers-for-bases agreement

This was part of the effort to secure naval support for the Battle of the Atlantic.

150
Q

What event marked America’s entry into the battle in May 1941?

A

America took over escort duties in the western Atlantic, beginning a shooting war with Germany

This led to the sinking of the US destroyer Reuben James by the submarine U-562.

151
Q

What was the impact of Japan’s entry into the war after Pearl Harbor?

A

Increased the scale of the war, making Japan America’s primary threat

Despite this, America failed to set up coastal convoys and blackout towns, allowing German U-boats to destroy vast amounts of coastal shipping.

152
Q

What was known as ‘happy time’ for German U-boats?

A

The period during which German U-boats enjoyed success destroying coastal shipping

This occurred due to America’s lack of coastal defense measures.

153
Q

What was the greatest weapon for the Allies in early 1943?

A

Radio intelligence and the ability to intercept the German Enigma code

This intelligence, known as Ultra, allowed anticipation of U-boat maneuvers.

154
Q

What improvements contributed to the Allies’ success against U-boats by April 1943?

A

Aggressive anti-submarine tactics, better weapons, and the development of long-range aircraft

The Liberator aircraft was equipped with radar, enhancing anti-submarine operations.

155
Q

What was the result of Dönitz’s decision on 23 May 1943?

A

A halt to U-boat operations was ordered

This came as Allied destruction of German submarines began to escalate.

156
Q

What was significant about the Types XXI and XXIII submarines?

A

They were new types of super-submarines being tested that could have reversed the outcome of World War Two

Their production was halted as German defeat seemed inevitable.

157
Q

When did the Battle of Coral Sea take place?

A

7-8 May 1942

This battle was crucial in preventing a Japanese invasion of Australia.

158
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Coral Sea?

A

Tactical victory for the U.S., but a strategic setback for Japan

Japan never again threatened Australia after this battle.

159
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Normandy?

A

It was the largest amphibious operation in history, enabling successful D-Day landings

The operation involved minesweeping, shore-bombardment, and transporting supplies and troops.

160
Q

What was the turning point of the Pacific war?

A

The Battle of Midway

This battle took place from 3-5 June 1942 and involved breaking the Japanese naval code.

161
Q

What strategy did Admiral Nimitz employ during the Battle of Midway?

A

Positioned his carriers out of Japanese reconnaissance range

This was crucial for the U.S. to effectively counter the Japanese attack.

162
Q

Fill in the blank: The U.S. had _____ carriers at Midway.

A

3 carriers

The carriers were Hornet, Enterprise, and Yorktown.

163
Q

What significant event occurred involving U.S. crews and Japanese carriers?

A

U.S. crews sank 3 Japanese carriers, and the next day the fourth carrier was sunk.

164
Q

What was the outcome for Japan after one day during a naval engagement?

A

Japan lost its bid for control of the Pacific.

165
Q

What key battle took place from 13-15 November 1942?

A

The battle for Guadalcanal.

166
Q

What happened to the Japanese naval forces at Guadalcanal?

A

They retreated after three days of bitter fighting.

167
Q

How many cruisers and destroyers did Japan lose at Guadalcanal?

A

2 cruisers and 6 destroyers.

168
Q

Which ship was involved in the Guadalcanal battle and had a significant crew tragedy?

A

The U.S.S. Juneau.

169
Q

What was the Navy’s policy regarding family members serving on the same ship?

A

Navy policy was to place members of the same family on different ships.

170
Q

What exception was made regarding the Sullivan brothers?

A

They insisted on serving together on the U.S.S. Juneau.

171
Q

What tragedy befell the Sullivan brothers during the battle?

A

They were lost when the Juneau was torpedoed.

172
Q

What change in Navy policy occurred as a result of the Juneau tragedy?

A

Navy policy concerning family member separations was reinstated.

173
Q

What was the consequence of the fall of Guadalcanal?

A

The southern Solomon’s came under Allied control and Australia was in less danger.

174
Q

What was the date of the Battle of Leyte Gulf?

A

October 23, 1944.

175
Q

What was the Japanese objective during the Battle of Leyte Gulf?

A

To salvage the Philippines.

176
Q

What was the outcome of the Japanese operation at Leyte Gulf?

A

It was a complete failure and a deciding catastrophe for their navy.

177
Q

What did the loss of the Philippines signify for Japan?

A

It severed their empire and cut off their homeland from its main sources of supply.

178
Q

What were the dates for the Battle of Iwo Jima?

A

February 19 - March 26, 1945.

179
Q

What was the goal of the American invasion of Iwo Jima?

A

To capture the entire island and its three Japanese-controlled airfields.

180
Q

What was the designation for the American invasion of Iwo Jima?

A

Operation Detachment.

181
Q

What type of ship is USS Pueblo?

A

A Banner-class environmental research ship.

182
Q

What incident is USS Pueblo known for?

A

It was attacked and captured by North Korean forces on January 23, 1968.

183
Q

What major Cold War incident arose from the USS Pueblo seizure?

A

It raised tensions between Western democracies and the USSR and China.

184
Q

What type of ship is USS Independence?

A

A littoral combat ship.

185
Q

What is the significance of USS Independence in terms of Navy ship naming?

A

It is the sixth ship named for the concept of independence.

186
Q

What was the first operational nuclear-powered submarine?

A

USS Nautilus (SSN-571).

187
Q

What historic achievement did USS Nautilus accomplish on August 3, 1958?

A

It was the first submarine to complete a submerged transit of the North Pole.

ESWS (15 decks)

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