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Gonads And Anti Gonads- Hormone Edition > Estrogens > Flashcards

Estrogens Flashcards

0
Q

What is the most common estrogen produced by the ovaries?

A

E2- estradiol

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1
Q

What are E1, E2 and E3?

A

E1- estrone
E2- estradiol
E3- estriol

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2
Q

What is the purpose of estrogen?

A

Development of female reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and the menstrual cycle.

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3
Q

Where and how are E1 and E3 produced? (2 ways)

A

In the liver via E2.

Adrenal cortex from androstenedione. (Or other androgens).

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4
Q

Which form of estrogen is most common in post menopausal women?

A

Estrone (E1)- from the adrenal Cortex

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5
Q

E2 is produced by…

A

Follicular cells and progesterone by the corpus luteum.

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6
Q

What is SHBG?

A

Sex hormone binding globulin.

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7
Q

Which estrogen binds the strongest to SHBG?

A

E2

E1 and E3 have weak affinity for ER (estrogen receptor)

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8
Q

How does the liver effect estrogen?

A

1st pass effect and entero-hepatic recycling.

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9
Q

Pharmacodynamics of estrogen.

A

ER has nuclear localization. ER dimer binds ERE in the promoter regions of estrogen-responsive genes.

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10
Q

3 synthetic estrogen mimicking steroids:

A

Ethinyl estradiol

Mestranol

Quinostrol

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11
Q

3 synthetic non-steroidal estrogen mimicking agents:

A

Diethylstilbestrol

Chlorotrianisene

Methallenestril

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12
Q

Estrogen mimicking phytochemicals

A

Flavonones: genistein(soy) and resveratrol(red wine)

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13
Q

Estrogen mimicking pesticides

A

Kepone, bisphenol, hexachlorophene

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14
Q

What is hypogonadism and how do you treat it in women?

A

Lack of maturation and development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Estrogen

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15
Q

Endometrial development and shedding during menstrual cycle is regulated by:

A

Estrogen

16
Q

Excessive exposure to estrogen can cause:

A

Endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal bleeding.

17
Q

How can lack of estrogen lead to osteoporosis?

A

Estrogen INHIBITS osteoclasts cells thus preventing bone reabsorption.

18
Q

Estrogen accelerates or decelerates bone growth and epiphyseal closure?

A

Accelerates

19
Q

Why is estrogen protective against atherosclerosis?

A

Increases hdl and lowers LDL.

20
Q

Estrogen increases what liver proteins?

A

CBG, SHBG, TBG, transferrin, renin substrate, fibrinogen.

21
Q

How does estrogen increase risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease?

A

Decreases anti thrombin 3 activity which increases coagulation. (Mostly in hrt)

22
Q

What post menopausal symptoms does estrogen help with?

A

Vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes)

23
Q

What is HRT and who is it used for?

A

Hormone replacement therapy

Post menopausal women and those with radical hysterectomy

24
Q

3 benefits of HRT.

A

Prevents osteoporosis

Reduces vasomotor symptoms/genital atrophy

Protective anti Alzheimer’s effects

25
Q

Risks of HRT (4).

A

Breast cancer, endometrial carcinoma, coagulation and stroke.

26
Q

What can you take to reduce osteoporosis risk?

A

Calcium + D (and weight bearing exercise)

27
Q

Adding progestins to estrogen does what in terms of cancer?

A

Increases risk of BC but lowers risk of. Endometrial carcinoma.

28
Q

When giving estrogen and progestin as ERT how would split up the days?

A

Estrogen as the first 25 days and progestin during the last 10-14 days.

29
Q

What is the name for combined estrogen-progestin?

A

Medroxyprogesterone

30
Q

Medroxyprogesterone can cause…

A

Amenorrhea

31
Q

Estrogen-progestin combos can be used to treat… (2)

A

dysmenorrhea or amenorrhea + hirsuitism due to excess androgens

32
Q

AEs of estrogen treatment

A

postmenopausal uterine bleeding–possible b/c of edometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma (dec risk with progesterone)

Breast cancer (dec with tamoxifen)

33
Q

Which form of estrogen is teratogenic, can give daughters of using mothers vaginal adenomas, and must be avoided during pregnancy?

A

Diethystilbestrol (DES)

34
Q

When is estrogen CI’ed?

A

estrogen dependant cancers (endometrial/BC/family hx)

undiagnosed vaginal bleeding

liver disease

thromboembolic disorders

heavy smoker over 40!

Gonads And Anti Gonads- Hormone Edition (6 decks)

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