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Summer:Final Exam Questions > Essentials of Sonography and Patient care > Flashcards

Essentials of Sonography and Patient care Flashcards

1
Q

The best way to manage WRMSD’s is

A

Prevention

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2
Q

The first step in treating WRMSD’s is

A

identifying the cause

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3
Q

Advances in technology in the field of ultrasound have contributed to an increased incidence of WRMSD’s because

A

Sonographers can perform more exams in less time

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4
Q

One key to WRMSD prevention is

A

Upper extremity exercises

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5
Q

Who can contribute to the reduction in WRMSD’s in Sonography?

A

Employers

Sonographers

Equipment manufacturers

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6
Q

Name 3 ways, before you start your patient exam, you can improve your work station to prevent WRMSD’s

A

Make sure your chair is adjusted to the correct height

Adjust the machine(screen is correct height, machine is close enough to you)

Make sure the exam table is close enough to you

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7
Q

Name 3 ways, after placing your patient on the exam table, you can prevent WRMSD’s

A

Adjust the exam table so that it is at the correct height

Support the arm that is holding the transducer

Move your body in one fluid motion, don’t twist and turn, and strain yourself

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8
Q

Name 4 things you can do as a student sonographer to reduce stress for yourself.

A

Get enough sleep

Exercise

Go out to the movies

Go out to dinner

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9
Q

Earning RDMS credential means you are a:

A

Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer

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10
Q

What does RVT credential mean?

A

Registered Vascular Technologist

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11
Q

What does RT credential mean?

A

Registered Radiologic Technologist

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12
Q

What does RDCS credential mean?

A

Registered Diagnostic Medical Echocardiographer

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13
Q

Name 3 ethical concepts

A

Sonographers must be aware of and sensitive to ethical dilemmas

Sonographers must respect a patient’s right to make his/her own decisions

Sonographers must protect their patient’s right to privacy

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14
Q

Name 3 values

A

Concepts

Goals

Ideals

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15
Q

Nondiagnostic uses of ultrasound means:

A

Using ultrasound for entertainment purposes

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16
Q

Confidentiality includes:

A

HIPPA

Patients have a right to their privacy

Exam history is taken in private

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17
Q

Competency includes:

A

Sonographers have an ethical obligation to perform a complete exam

Obtaining continuing education and thorough training to ensure that your level is maintained

Provides the interpreting physician with accurate, reliable information

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18
Q

Professional disclosure means:

A

Sharing a suspect or known drug/alcohol impairment of a coworker

Sonographers should bring to the attention of the interpreting physician if there is an error in the exam due to faulty equipment

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19
Q

Professionalism means

A

Being involved in and worthy of the high standards of a profession

Based on integrity, honesty, and compassion

Being aware of patient behaviors, patient interactions, and the standards of conduct as well as developing technical knowledge and skills

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20
Q

Sonographers should always do all of the following:

A

Explain the ultrasound exam thoroughly to the patient and ask if there are any questions

Take a good history before starting the exam

Walk patients out of the department once their exam is finished so they do not get lost

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21
Q

Battery pertains to an injury to the patient during an exam

A

True

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22
Q

Negligence pertains to performing an exam “below the standard of care”

A

True

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23
Q

Do Not perform sonography procedures that you have not been taught

A

True

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24
Q

Do Not thoroughly explain the procedure to the patient as it wastes time

A

False

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25
Q

Do not work with extreme care to avoid causing injury to the patient

A

False

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26
Q

Always use common sense and good judgement

A

True

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27
Q

Treat patients like you would want yourself treated

A

True

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28
Q

Always practice within the limits of your abilities and as taught

A

True

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29
Q

Always maintain records and documents of the procedures performed

A

True

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30
Q

Standard of care refers to the way a reasonable and prudent sonographer would act under the same conditions

A

True

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31
Q

An expert witness can be used in a court of law pertaining to the standard of care

A

True

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32
Q

The best protection against legal jeopardy is to practice sonography in a safe, ethical, and competent manner

A

True

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33
Q

SPTA intensities of <1 W/cm has shown no bio effects

A

True

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34
Q

AIUM has issued official statements on bio effects

A

True

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35
Q

A preliminary report is okay, as long as a diagnosis is not made

A

True

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36
Q

A sonographer is not liable if he/she uses a technique that creates an image that looks like pathology, but is not

A

True

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37
Q

It is important for sonographers to scan following the protocols set by AIUM, ACR, and department standards

A

True

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38
Q

Define standard of care

A

Treating each patient in the same manner as any other sonographer would

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39
Q

Who sets such Standards of Care?

A

the hospital or doctor’s office have Standards of Care

40
Q

Give two ways sonographers show their competency

A

Sonographers continue to train and earn certifications, and they provide radiologists with correct information based on what they are scanning

41
Q

Describe what battery is and give one example

A

Battery is when a person is hurt physically. This can occur if the sonographer lets the patient fall off the bed.

42
Q

Describe what Negligence is and give one example

A

Negligence is performing an exam below the standard of care

43
Q

Describe what values are

A

Values are our beliefs, goals, and ideals. They can change as we get older.

44
Q

Name 3 ways valuesare formed and produced instilled in people

A

Values are formed by our family, friends, and coworkers

45
Q

Describe how you would handle a patient who was being scanned for fetal age, so they could have an abortion, or a patient about to undergo selective termination

A

I would not express my feelings or views on the subject. I would complete the exam to the best of my abilities.

46
Q

Describe confidentiality and name 3 ways to assure this for your patient

A

Confidentiality is the protection of a patient’s personal information. Ways to assure that are taking the patient’s history in private, making sure a patient’s files are put away, and keeping the screensaver on the shortest time setting.

47
Q

Ways patients respond to illness

A

Anger

Anxiety

Frustration and Helplessness

Grief

Guilt

Depression

Dependency

Suspicion

48
Q

Name 3 important vital signs

A

Pulse

Respiration

Blood Pressure

49
Q

Substances that cause arrhythmia

A

coffee, tea, tobacco, certain drugs

50
Q

What is the normal range for adult’s average heart rate

A

60-100bpm

51
Q

Is heart rate increased or decreased in fetuses?

A

increased

52
Q

Is heart rate increased or decreased in athletes?

A

decreased

53
Q

Is blood pressure increased or decreased in hemorrhaging patients?

A

decreased

54
Q

Is blood pressure increased or decreased in patients with peripheral arterial vascular disease in the legs?

A

decreased

55
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

difficulty breathing

56
Q

Patient rights

A

right to their privacy

high quality hospital care

clean safe environment

involvement in their care(right to see their charts)

help when leaving the hospital

help with their billing claims

to end a procedure

57
Q

While scanning pregnant patients, their blood pressure may drop ant the patient would become very nauseated and lightheaded. Why is this?

A

The fetus puts pressure on the IVC.

58
Q

What is cavitation?

A

Cavitation is the formation of bubbles inside the soft tissue of the body from the transducer.

59
Q

How does the sonographer control cavitation?

A

by adjusting the output power

60
Q

How does the sonographer assure the ultrasound machine is working correctly and accurately?

A

through the use of Phantoms

61
Q

Types of invasive ultrasound procedures that sonographers may assist in

A

Liver biopsies

Thorocentesis

Paracentesis

Breast core biopsies

Breast cyst aspirations

Breast needle localizations

Fine needle thyroid aspirations

Hip aspirations

PICC line insertions

Perma Cath insertions

62
Q

Describe what a Time-out is

A

After the procedure is completely set up, a Time-out is called. The Time-out gives everyone a chance to make sure the right patient is in the room, the correct procedure is being done, and the patient gives permission to proceed with said procedure.

63
Q

Who is involved in a time-out?

A

Radiologist, sonographer, nurse, patient

64
Q

What are universal precautions?

A

Precautions that are used for every patient, every time

65
Q

Describe proper hand washing technique

A

Wash hands thoroughly with soap for 20 seconds

66
Q

Name 4 instances you should wash your hands

A

come in contact with blood

after removing gloves

before you see a patient

come in contact with other bodily fluids

67
Q

Name 5 common work related injuries

A

low back pain

tension neck syndrome

tendonitis

carpal tunnel syndrome

trigger finger

68
Q

Name 5 ways or equipment to reduce work related injuries

A

frequent rest

staying in good physical shape

staying at a healthy body weight

erogonomic scan chairs

rest arms on bolsters/cushions

69
Q

What is the 20/20/20 rule?

A

For every 20min of scanning look 20ft away for 20sec.

OSHA recommends 10min break for every 2hr scanning

70
Q

name 3 environmental stresses

A

Lighting

Air quality

Overcrowding

71
Q

Common workplace stresses

A

conflict

role ambiguity

role overload

nonparticipation

underutilization

resource inadequacy

72
Q

What is internally generated stress?

A

Stress that we cause ourselves

73
Q

Ways to reduce internally generated stress

A

positive attitude

getting extra sleep

regular exercise

talking with coworkers, professional

massage, favorite treat, movie, etc

74
Q

What is burnout?

A

Chronic work related stress

(no motivation, decreased job performance, don’t even want to go to work)

75
Q

ways to prevent burnout

A

change in shifts

possible change of location

change of job duties

76
Q

What is compassion fatigue?

A

no longer care about your patients anymore

77
Q

What is the difference between compassion fatigue and burnout?

A

The ways to combat burnout will not work for compassion fatigue. The sonographer needs to change their perspective on the needs he/she tries to meet

78
Q

Symptoms of compassion fatigue

A

conflicted feelings about loyalty to patients vs departmental policies

constantly thinking of work problems at work

physical/mental exhaustion

anger

frustration

feelings of isolation and hopelessness

79
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome results from

A

pressure on the median nerve

80
Q

A type of WRMSD most commonly seen in cardia scanning is

A

cubital tunel syndrome

81
Q

The major types of work activities that cause WRMSDs in sonographers are

A

Repetitive motions, forceful exertion, and awkward postures

82
Q

A type of WRMSD most commonly seen in abdominal scanning is

A

Bursitis

83
Q

Those sonographers at highest risk for developing WRMDSs are those who

A

do the same type of exams during a work day

84
Q

The best way to manage WRMSDs is

A

prevention

85
Q

The first step in treating WRMSDs is

A

identifying the cause

86
Q

The three areas of the body most often affected by WRMSDs in sonographers are

A

shoulder, neck, and wrist

87
Q

Advances in technology in the field of ultrasound have contributed to an increased incidence of WRMSDs because

A

sonographers can perform more exams in less time

88
Q

One key to WRMSD prevention is

A

upper extremity exercises

89
Q

Who can contribute to the reduction in WRMSDs in sonography?

A

employers

sonographers

equipment manufactures

90
Q

What is the incidence of WRMSDs according to the 1997 SDMS survey

A

80%

91
Q

What is the incidence of career ending injury?

A

20%

92
Q

How long has the problem of WRMSDs among sonographers been a subject of study?

A

21yrs

93
Q

Name 5 ways, before you start your patient exam, you can improve your work station to prevent WRMSD’s

A

Adjust your chair

adjust the machine

make sure exam table is close enough to you

have extra towels nearby

use good posture

94
Q

Name 5 ways, after placing your patient on your exam table, you can prevent WRMSDs

A

adjust the exam table

position the patient closer to you

support arm

mave your body in one fluid motion, don’t twist and turn and strain yourself

take mini breaks

95
Q

Name 5 things you can do to make your patient as comfortable as possible during their exam

A

make sure the room is a comfortable temperature

provide blankets

have pillows/sponges available to place under the patient

explain the procedure to the patient

ask them if there is anything else I can do for you

96
Q

Name 5 things you can do to reduce stress for yourself

A

adequate rest

good nutrition

get a massage

go out with a friend

read a book

Summer:Final Exam Questions (3 decks)

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