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Summer:Final Exam Questions > Abdominal anatomy > Flashcards

Abdominal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The best patient prep for an abdominal ultrasound is:

A

Fat free, cream free, NPO after midnight

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2
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Abdominal aorta

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3
Q

What vessel lies posterior to the IVC?

A

Right renal artery

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4
Q

What artery supplies blood to the spleen?

A

Splenic artery

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5
Q

What vessel provides 80% of the blood to the liver?

A

Portal vein

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6
Q

How many layers do arteries and veins have?

A

Three

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7
Q

Name the largest vein in the body

A

Inferior vena cava

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8
Q

The flow of the portal vein is

A

Hepatopetal

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9
Q

The main portal vein is formed by the union of

A

The superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

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10
Q

What structures size varies with respiration?

A

Veins

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11
Q

What vessel supplies blood to the stomach?

A

Gastric artery

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12
Q

What are the first two branches of the aorta?

A

Celiac, SMA

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13
Q

What is the normal orientation of the IVC and Aorta in the body?

A

The IVC is left of midline and the aorta is to the right

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14
Q

The celiac axis divides into the

A

Gastric, splenic, and hepatic

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15
Q

Where does the IVC terminate?

A

Right atrium

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16
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Arises inferior to the celiac axis from the anterior wall of the aorta

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17
Q

Splenic artery

A

Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the spleen

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18
Q

Right renal artery

A

Arises from the lateral wall of the aorta and travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to enter the hilum of the kidney

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19
Q

Left renal artery

A

Arises from the lateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilum of the kidney

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20
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebrae to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

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21
Q

Hepatic artery

A

Arises from the celiac trunk and courses to the right of the abdomen to supply blood to the largest organ in the right upper quadrant

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22
Q

Gastric artery

A

Small branch of the celiac axis that feeds the stomach

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23
Q

Celiac axis

A

First major anterior artery to arise from the abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm: It branches into the hepatic, splenic, and gastric arteries

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24
Q

Aorta

A

Largest arterial structure in the body: originates from the left ventricle of the heart

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25
Inferior vena cava
originates at the confluence of the iliac veins and terminates into the right atrium
26
The smallest lobe of the liver that lies anterior to the inferior vena cave: superior border is the ligamentum venosum
Caudate lobe
27
The triad of the portal vein, common bile duct, and hepatic artery entering the liver is known as the
Portal hepatis
28
The central area of the spleen that allows the vascular and lymph structures to emerge or enter is the
Splenic hilum
29
The liver and portal veins are covered by
Glisson's capsule
30
Which of the following is an echogenic linear structure found anterior to the caudate lobe and posterior to the left lobe of the liver
Ligamentum venosum
31
A triangular shaped echogenic structure seen within the left lobe of the liver: separates left lobe into medial and lateral segments
Ligamentum teres
32
A patient lying on his/her side, right side up, is in what position?
Left lateral decubitus
33
Where does the body of the pancreas lie in relation to the splenic vein?
Anterior
34
The portal confluence is formed by the splenic vein and the:
Superior mesenteric vein
35
The transducer typically selected for an upper abdominal ultrasound in a normal sized adult
2.5-5MHz
36
The main lobar fissure projects from:
The right portal vein to the neck of the gallbladder
37
What is the best patient position for imaging the abdominal aorta?
Supine
38
The echogenicity of the spleen should be compared to the
Liver
39
The portal veins carry blood from what to the liver
Intestines
40
The flow direction in the portal vein should be
Hepatopetal
41
Where does the right renal artery pass in relation to the inferior vena cava?
posterior
42
What vascular structure courses between the SMA and aorta?
Left renal vein
43
The IVC courses anterior to terminate at the
Right atrium
44
The liver is suspended from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the
Falciform ligament
45
Elevation of the ALK PHOS (alkaline phosphatase) is associated with
Hepatocellular disease
46
The right subhepatic space, a common space for peritoneal fluid or blood to collect is also called
Morison's pouch
47
Where does the gallbladder lie in relation to the surface of the liver?
Visceral
48
What is the largest lobe of the liver?
Right
49
Reidels lobe of the liver is
A congenital variant where the liver can extend to the iliac crest
50
The main portal vein divides into the
Left and right portal veins
51
Hepatic veins drain the blood from the liver back to the
IVC
52
The primary functions of the liver
Metabolism, Digestion, Storage
53
Gallbladder
should be anechoic should always be imaged in two patient positions to look for gallstones consists of a neck, body, and fundus
54
Helpful in imaging the pancreas
Have the patient take in a deep breath to increase venous structures Scan through the left lobe of the liver, so the liver acts as an acoustic window Sit the patient upright and have them drink some water
55
Cholecystitis is inflammation of what organ
Gallbladder wall
56
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
True
57
The function of the kidneys is for blood production
False
58
The cortex makes up the outer parenchyma of the kidney
True
59
Calyces of the kidneys never can become obstructed
False
60
The pyramids of the kidney convey urine to the minor calyces
True
61
The cortex is the mid portion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit
False
62
Two important lab tests for kidney function is the BUN and creatine
True
63
The liver and spleen should be used as acoustic windows while scanning the kidneys
True
64
The kidneys normally have fluid around them
False
65
The spleen is part of the reticulendothelial system
True
66
The spleen is the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body
True
67
The spleen is active in blood formation during the initial part of fetal life and gradually decreases this function about the 5th or 6th month
True
68
The spleen is a major cause of most malignancies
False
69
For the diagnosis of splenomegaly, the spleen must measure over 13cm
True
70
Glisson's capsule covers the spleen
False
71
Longitudinal scans presents the patients head to the left of the screen and the patients feet to the right side of the screen
True
72
All transverse scans are oriented with the liver on the right side of the screen
False
73
The area superior to the liver that is not covered by peritoneum so the IVC may enter the chest is known as the bare area
True
74
The ureters transport urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder
True
75
Since the bladder is fluid filled, it should appear as an anechoic structure on ultrasound
True
76
The hepatic veins are divided into three components
left, right, middle
77
Patients should be instructed to not anything for how long before an abdominal ultrasound procedure for optimum imaging
8 hours
78
Variations in patient's respiration may also help to eliminate what type of interference to improve image quality
rib and/or bowel/gas
79
The pancreas consists of what
head, body, and tail
80
What is pancreatitis?
inflammation of the pancreas
81
Hepatocyte is a parenchymal cell that performs all functions of what organ
liver
82
In color Doppler imaging, what is flow toward the probe and flow away from the transducer?
Flow toward the probe is positive or above the baseline Flow away from the transducer is negative or below the baseline
83
The liver is the largest organ next to what
skin
84
The hepatic artery supplies aprox how much blood to the liver
20%
85
Where do the splenic artery and the splenic vein lie in relation to the pancreas?
splenic artery lies anterior and the splenic vein lies posterior

Summer:Final Exam Questions (3 decks)

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