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Summer:Final Exam Questions > Abdominal anatomy > Flashcards

Abdominal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The best patient prep for an abdominal ultrasound is:

A

Fat free, cream free, NPO after midnight

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2
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Abdominal aorta

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3
Q

What vessel lies posterior to the IVC?

A

Right renal artery

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4
Q

What artery supplies blood to the spleen?

A

Splenic artery

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5
Q

What vessel provides 80% of the blood to the liver?

A

Portal vein

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6
Q

How many layers do arteries and veins have?

A

Three

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7
Q

Name the largest vein in the body

A

Inferior vena cava

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8
Q

The flow of the portal vein is

A

Hepatopetal

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9
Q

The main portal vein is formed by the union of

A

The superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

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10
Q

What structures size varies with respiration?

A

Veins

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11
Q

What vessel supplies blood to the stomach?

A

Gastric artery

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12
Q

What are the first two branches of the aorta?

A

Celiac, SMA

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13
Q

What is the normal orientation of the IVC and Aorta in the body?

A

The IVC is left of midline and the aorta is to the right

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14
Q

The celiac axis divides into the

A

Gastric, splenic, and hepatic

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15
Q

Where does the IVC terminate?

A

Right atrium

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16
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Arises inferior to the celiac axis from the anterior wall of the aorta

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17
Q

Splenic artery

A

Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the spleen

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18
Q

Right renal artery

A

Arises from the lateral wall of the aorta and travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to enter the hilum of the kidney

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19
Q

Left renal artery

A

Arises from the lateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilum of the kidney

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20
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebrae to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

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21
Q

Hepatic artery

A

Arises from the celiac trunk and courses to the right of the abdomen to supply blood to the largest organ in the right upper quadrant

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22
Q

Gastric artery

A

Small branch of the celiac axis that feeds the stomach

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23
Q

Celiac axis

A

First major anterior artery to arise from the abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm: It branches into the hepatic, splenic, and gastric arteries

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24
Q

Aorta

A

Largest arterial structure in the body: originates from the left ventricle of the heart

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25
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

originates at the confluence of the iliac veins and terminates into the right atrium

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26
Q

The smallest lobe of the liver that lies anterior to the inferior vena cave: superior border is the ligamentum venosum

A

Caudate lobe

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27
Q

The triad of the portal vein, common bile duct, and hepatic artery entering the liver is known as the

A

Portal hepatis

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28
Q

The central area of the spleen that allows the vascular and lymph structures to emerge or enter is the

A

Splenic hilum

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29
Q

The liver and portal veins are covered by

A

Glisson’s capsule

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30
Q

Which of the following is an echogenic linear structure found anterior to the caudate lobe and posterior to the left lobe of the liver

A

Ligamentum venosum

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31
Q

A triangular shaped echogenic structure seen within the left lobe of the liver: separates left lobe into medial and lateral segments

A

Ligamentum teres

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32
Q

A patient lying on his/her side, right side up, is in what position?

A

Left lateral decubitus

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33
Q

Where does the body of the pancreas lie in relation to the splenic vein?

A

Anterior

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34
Q

The portal confluence is formed by the splenic vein and the:

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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35
Q

The transducer typically selected for an upper abdominal ultrasound in a normal sized adult

A

2.5-5MHz

36
Q

The main lobar fissure projects from:

A

The right portal vein to the neck of the gallbladder

37
Q

What is the best patient position for imaging the abdominal aorta?

A

Supine

38
Q

The echogenicity of the spleen should be compared to the

A

Liver

39
Q

The portal veins carry blood from what to the liver

A

Intestines

40
Q

The flow direction in the portal vein should be

A

Hepatopetal

41
Q

Where does the right renal artery pass in relation to the inferior vena cava?

A

posterior

42
Q

What vascular structure courses between the SMA and aorta?

A

Left renal vein

43
Q

The IVC courses anterior to terminate at the

A

Right atrium

44
Q

The liver is suspended from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the

A

Falciform ligament

45
Q

Elevation of the ALK PHOS (alkaline phosphatase) is associated with

A

Hepatocellular disease

46
Q

The right subhepatic space, a common space for peritoneal fluid or blood to collect is also called

A

Morison’s pouch

47
Q

Where does the gallbladder lie in relation to the surface of the liver?

A

Visceral

48
Q

What is the largest lobe of the liver?

A

Right

49
Q

Reidels lobe of the liver is

A

A congenital variant where the liver can extend to the iliac crest

50
Q

The main portal vein divides into the

A

Left and right portal veins

51
Q

Hepatic veins drain the blood from the liver back to the

A

IVC

52
Q

The primary functions of the liver

A

Metabolism, Digestion, Storage

53
Q

Gallbladder

A

should be anechoic

should always be imaged in two patient positions to look for gallstones

consists of a neck, body, and fundus

54
Q

Helpful in imaging the pancreas

A

Have the patient take in a deep breath to increase venous structures

Scan through the left lobe of the liver, so the liver acts as an acoustic window

Sit the patient upright and have them drink some water

55
Q

Cholecystitis is inflammation of what organ

A

Gallbladder wall

56
Q

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney

A

True

57
Q

The function of the kidneys is for blood production

A

False

58
Q

The cortex makes up the outer parenchyma of the kidney

A

True

59
Q

Calyces of the kidneys never can become obstructed

A

False

60
Q

The pyramids of the kidney convey urine to the minor calyces

A

True

61
Q

The cortex is the mid portion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit

A

False

62
Q

Two important lab tests for kidney function is the BUN and creatine

A

True

63
Q

The liver and spleen should be used as acoustic windows while scanning the kidneys

A

True

64
Q

The kidneys normally have fluid around them

A

False

65
Q

The spleen is part of the reticulendothelial system

A

True

66
Q

The spleen is the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body

A

True

67
Q

The spleen is active in blood formation during the initial part of fetal life and gradually decreases this function about the 5th or 6th month

A

True

68
Q

The spleen is a major cause of most malignancies

A

False

69
Q

For the diagnosis of splenomegaly, the spleen must measure over 13cm

A

True

70
Q

Glisson’s capsule covers the spleen

A

False

71
Q

Longitudinal scans presents the patients head to the left of the screen and the patients feet to the right side of the screen

A

True

72
Q

All transverse scans are oriented with the liver on the right side of the screen

A

False

73
Q

The area superior to the liver that is not covered by peritoneum so the IVC may enter the chest is known as the bare area

A

True

74
Q

The ureters transport urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder

A

True

75
Q

Since the bladder is fluid filled, it should appear as an anechoic structure on ultrasound

A

True

76
Q

The hepatic veins are divided into three components

A

left, right, middle

77
Q

Patients should be instructed to not anything for how long before an abdominal ultrasound procedure for optimum imaging

A

8 hours

78
Q

Variations in patient’s respiration may also help to eliminate what type of interference to improve image quality

A

rib and/or bowel/gas

79
Q

The pancreas consists of what

A

head, body, and tail

80
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

inflammation of the pancreas

81
Q

Hepatocyte is a parenchymal cell that performs all functions of what organ

A

liver

82
Q

In color Doppler imaging, what is flow toward the probe and flow away from the transducer?

A

Flow toward the probe is positive or above the baseline

Flow away from the transducer is negative or below the baseline

83
Q

The liver is the largest organ next to what

A

skin

84
Q

The hepatic artery supplies aprox how much blood to the liver

A

20%

85
Q

Where do the splenic artery and the splenic vein lie in relation to the pancreas?

A

splenic artery lies anterior and the splenic vein lies posterior

Summer:Final Exam Questions (3 decks)

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