Essential Words Flashcards
Abate
To decrease, reduce
Abdicate
Give up position, right, or power
Aberrant
Abnormal
Abeyance
Suppression/suspension
Abject
Miserable, pitiful
Abjure
Reject, abandon
Abscission/ Abscise
Cutting or to cut
Abscond
Depart secretly
Abstemious
Moderate
Abstinence
Refrain, hold back from certain pleasures
Abysmal
Very bad
Accretion
Grow/increase
Accrued
To accumulate/ grow
Adamant
Stubborn, unyielding
Adjunct
Addition, attachment
Admonish
Scold, caution, reprimand
Adulterate
To corrupt, make impure
Aesthetic
Beauty/art
Affected
Fake, phony, pretentious
Affinity
Liking/ fondness / similarity
Aesthete
Someone whose interest in beauty and art is excessive/ superficial
Aggrandize
To make larger/ greater
Aggregate
A whole/ total
Alacrity
Cheerful willingness, eagerness, speed
Alchemy
Medieval chemical philosophy of changing metal to gold
Seemingly magical power to transform substances (transmutation)
Allay
To ease/soothe
Alleviate
To relieve, partially improve
Alloy
A combination; a mixture of metals
Allure
(Noun): power to entice/charm
(Verb): to entice/charm
Amalgamate
To combine into a unified whole
Ambiguous
Unclear
Ambivalence/ Ambivalent
State of feeling conflicted
Ambrosia/ ambrosial
Something delicious
Ameliorate
Improve
Amenable
Agreeable, cooperative, suited
Amenity
Something that increases comfort
Amulet
Ornament that wards off evil spirits
Anachronism
Something out of the proper time
Analgesic
Medication that reduces pain
Analogous/analogy/analog
Comparable/similarity (between dissimilar)/comparing something
Anarchy
No government, chaos
Anodyne
Something that calms/ soothes pain (n)
Capable of calming/soothing (adj)
Anomalous/anomaly
Irregular/irregularity
Antecedent
Something that comes before
Antediluvian
Prehistoric
Antipathy
Dislike/hostility
Apathy
Indifference/ don’t care
Apex
Highest point
Apogee
Highest point/ point of greatest distance between orbited object
Apothegm
Terse, witty saying
Appease
To pacify/ calm/ placate
Appellation
Name
Apposite
Appropriate/relevant
Apprise
Inform
Approbation
Praise/ approval
Apropos
Relevant
Arabesque
Ornate design of intertwined curves, ballet position with one leg extended
Archeology
Study of material evidence of past human life
Ardor
Great emotion and passion
Arduous
Extremely difficult; laborious
Argot
Specialized vocab used by a group
Arrest
To stop/ to seize
Artifact
Item made by human craft
Artless
Guileless, natural
Ascetic
One who practices self denial
Asperity
Harshness, severity, irritability
Assiduous
Diligent, hardworking
Aspersions
False rumor, slander
Assuage
To lessen/ make less severe
Astringent
Harsh, severe
Asylum
Refuge/shelter
Atavism
Return of a trait after a period of absence/ individual/part exhibiting atavism
Attenuate
To weaken
Audacious
Bold, daring
Austere
Stern, unadorned
Autonomous
Self governing, independent
Avarice
Greed
Aver
To affirm/ declare as truth
Avocation
Secondary occupation
Avuncular
Like an uncle, benevolent and tolerant
Axiomatic
Taken for granted (adj)
Axiom
Established principle
Bacchanalian
Revelry (partying)
Banal
Commonplace, overused and boring (trite)
Banter
Playful conversation
Bard
Poet
Bawdy
Obscene
Beatify
To bless, sanctify
Bedizen
To dress in a vulgar, showy manner
Behemoth
Huge creature, anything very large and powerful
Belie
To contradict/ misrepresent/give false impression
Beneficient
Kind, doing good
Bifurcate
To divide into two parts
Blandishment
Flattery
Blasé
Bored from being indulged, unconcerned
Bolster
Support, prop up, give a boost to
Bombastic
Inflated/exaggerated language, pompous
Boorish
Rude, insensitive
Bovine
Cowlike, (slow)?
Brazen
Bold, shameless
Broach
Mention for the first time
Bucolic
Rustic,pastoral, rural
Burgeon
To grow/flourish
Burnish
To polish
Buttress
To reinforce, support
Cacophonous
Unpleasant or harsh sounding
Cadge
To beg
Callous
Thick-skinned/ insensitive
Calumny
False accusation, slander
Canard
False, misleading story, a lie
Canon
An established principle, a standard for judgement, a group of literary works
Cant
Insincere talk (lies), language of a particular group
Cantankerous
Irritable, ill-humored
Capricious
Unpredictable, fickle
Captious
Fault-finding, trying to entrap
Cardinal
Of foremost importance
Carnal
Of flesh/body, related to physical appetites
Carping
To complain/find fault
Cartography
Science of making maps
Caste
Hereditary social class
Castigation
Punishment, criticism, chastisement
Cataclysm
Violent upheaval that causes great destruction and change
Catalyst
Something causing change
Categorical
Absolute, without exception
Caucus
A smaller group within an organization
Causal
Involving a cause
Caustic
Sarcastically biting, burning
Celestial
Concerning the sky or heavens, sublime
Centrifugal
Moving away from the center
Centripetal
Moving or directed towards the center
Champion
To defend/ support
Chasten
To correct by punishment or reproof; to restrain/subdue
Chicanery
Fraud, trickery
Churlish
Rude, boorish
Circuitous
Roundabout
Clairvoyant
Psychic
Clamor
Noisy outcry
Clique
A small, exclusive group
Cloister
To confine; seclude
Coagulate
Thicken; congeal
Coalesce
To become one
Coda
Something that summarizes/concludes, concluding part of a literary/musical composition
Codify
To systematize
Cognizant
Informed, aware, conscious
Collage
A =b assemblage of diverse elements, artistic composition of materials pasted over a surface
Commensurate
Proportional
Compendium
A brief, comprehensive, summary
Complacent
Self-satisfied
Complaisant
Overly polite, willing to please, obliging
Complement
Something that completes or makes up a whole
Compliant
Yielding
Compunction
Uneasiness caused by guilt
Concave
Curving inwards
Conciliatory
Overcome distrust/hostility
Concoct
Invent
Concomitant
Existing concurrently
Condone
Forgive, overlook voluntarily
Confound
Confuse
Congenial
Similar in tastes/habits, friendly, suited to
Conjugal
Pertaining to marriage agreement
Connoisseur
A person possessing expert knowledge or training; person of informed and discriminating tast
Conscript
Person compulsorily enrolled for military service
Consecrate
To declare sacred
Contend
To assert
Contentious
Quarrelsome; causing quarrels
Contiguous
Touching; neighboring; connecting without a break
Continence
Self control; abstention from sexual activity
Contrite
Very sorrowful for a wrong
Contumacious
Disobedient, rebellious
Conundrum
Riddle; puzzle with no solution
Convention
Custom
Converge
To come together
Convex
Curving outwards
Convivial
Sociable
Convoluted
Complicated
Copious
Abundant
Coquette
A woman who flirts
Covert
Hidden, secret
Cornucopia
State of abundance
Cosmology
Study of the universe
Cosmos/ Cosmic
The physical universe, relating to the physical universe distinct from earth (how it’s so vast)
Covetous
Desiring something
Cozen
To mislead, deceive
Craven
Cowardly
Credence
Acceptance of something true
Credo
Statement of a belief/ principle
Daunt
To intimidate, discourage
Dearth
Scarcity
Debauchery
Corruption
Decorum
Proper behavior
Defame
To harm someone’s reputation
Default
To fail to act
Deference
Respect
Defunct
To no longer exist
Delineate
To represent/ depict
Demographic
Related to population
Demotic
Relating to people
Demur
To express doubt
Denigrate
To ruin someone’s reputation
Denizen
Inhabitant
Denouement
Outcome/ revealing of the plot
Default
To fail to act
Deference
Respect
Defunct
To no longer exist
Delineate
To represent/ depict
Demographic
Related to population
Demotic
Relating to people
Demur
To express doubt
Denigrate
To ruin someone’s reputation
Denizen
Inhabitant
Denouement
Outcome/ revealing of the plot
Deride
To mock (think of ridicule)
Derivative
Something derived, unoriginal
Desiccate
To dry completely
Desuetude
State of disuse
Desultory
Random; disconnected, rambling
Deterrent
Something that discourages/hinders
Detraction
The act of taking away; derogatory comment
Diaphanous
Transparent; fine-textured; insubstantial; vague
Diatribe
Bitter verbal attack
Dichotomy
Division into two opposing parts
Diffidence
Shyness; lack of confidence
Diffuse
To spread out
Digression
Act of going off topic
Dirge
Funeral hymn (song)
Disabuse
To make clear (free of misconception)
Discerning
To detect (good insight and judgement)
Discomfit
To make uneasy
Discordant
Not in tune
Discredit
Dishonor;disgrace; cause to be doubted
Discrepancy
Difference between
Discrete
Distinct
Discretion
Self restraint, freedom to act on one’s own, prudence
Disinterested
Objective
Disjointed
Lacking order/ coherence; dislocated
Dismiss
Reject
Disparage
Belittle
Disparate
Dissimilar
Dissemble
To pretend; disguise one’s motives
Disseminate
Scatter/disperse
Dissident
Someone who disagrees about the beliefs
Dissolution
Disintegration, debauchery
Dissonance
Lack of harmony
Distend
To expand
Distill
Extract the essential elements
Distrait
Distracted (inattentive), preoccupied
Diverge
To vary, go in different directions from the same point
Divest
To strip, rid, deprive
Divulge
To reveal secrets
Doctrinaire
Someone who can’t compromise about a doctrine; dogmatic; unyielding person
Document
To provide written evidence for support
Doggerel
Poor verse
Dogmatic
Stating opinions without proof
Dormant
Inactive
Dross
Waste, worthless matter, trivial matter
Dupe
Trick/deceive
Ebullient
Enthusiastic
Eclectic
Selecting from various sources
Effervescence
State of high spirits/ liveliness; process of bubbling
Effete
Weak, depleted of vitality, decadent
Efficacy
Efficiency; effectiveness
Effrontery
Boldness; presumtiousness
Egoism
Self-centeredness
Egotistical
Excessively self-centered; conceited
Elegy
Poem/song expressing lamentation
Elicit
To provoke, draw out
Elixir
Substance believed to have the power to cure ills
Elysian
Blissful; delightful
Emanciated
Think
Embellish
To adorn, decorate, enhance, make more attractive by adding details
Emollient
Soothing; mollifying
Empirical
Derived from observation/ experiment
Emulate
Imitate/copy
Encomium
A formal expression of praise
Endemic
Inherent, belonging to an area
Enervate
Weaken
Engender
To cause; produce
Enhance
To increase; improve
Entomology
Study of insects
Enunciate
Pronounce clearly
Ephemeral
Short lived, fleeting
Epistemology
Philosophy studying the nature of knowledge
Equable
Steady; serene; unvarying
Equanimity
Composure; calmness
Equivocate
Use vague language
Errant
Mistaken
Esoteric
Hard to understand; known to a few
Essay
To attempt; test
Estimable
Admirable; able to estimate
Ethnocentric
Attitude that one’s group is superior
Etiology
Cause/ origins
Etymology
Origin and history of a word
Eugenics
Study of what influences genes and ways to improve it
Eulogy
High praise for someone who died
Euphemism
Agreeable language in place of unpleasant/offensive language
Euphoria
A feeling of happiness
Euthanasia
Merciful killing
Evince
To show plainly; to indicate
Evocative
To call to mind/ produce a reaction
Expiate
To atone for, redeem
Explicate
To explain, interpret, clarify
Expository
Explanatory
Extant
Existing, not lost
Extemporaneous
Unrehearsed
Extirpate
To destroy
Extraneous
Extra (not essential)
Extrapolation
Estimate by projecting known information
Extrinsic
Not inherent/ essential
Facetious
Funny/ humorous
Facilitate
To make less difficult
Factotum
Handyman, person who does all sorts of work
Fallacious
Misleading
Fallow
Plowed. But not sowed, uncultivated
Fatuous
Foolishly self-satisfied
Fauna
Animals of a period or region
Fawning
Seeking favor by flattering
Felicitous
Suitably expressed; appropriate; well-chosen
Feral
Existing in a wild/ untamed state
Fervor
Warmth and intensity of emotion
Fetid
Stinky
Fetter
Confined, locked up
Fiat
Arbitrary order (tyrant)
Fidelity
Loyalty
Filibuster
To block passage of a law
Finesse
To refine/ be deceptive/sly
Fissure
Crack
Fledgling
Beginner
Flora
Plants of a region/time
Flout
To be rude
Florid
Reddish, flowery
Flourish
Decoration, thrive
To==flux
Flowing like a river and moving continuously
Foment
To incite/arouse
Forbearance
Patience
Forestall
To delay/prevent
Formidable
Threatening, intimidating
Forswear
To give up/ renounce
Founder
To fail/collapse/sink
Fracas
A loud quarrel; brawl
Fractious
Rebellious; unruly; quarrelsome
Fresco
A painting done on plaster
Frieze
Ornamental band on a wall
Froward
Stubbornly contrary; obstinately disobedient
Frugality
Thrifty
Fulminate
Attack loudly; denounce
Fulsome
Excessive as to be disgusting
Fusion
Union; synthesis
Futile
Useless
Gain say
To deny; dispute; oppose
Gambol
To frolic; leap playfully
Garrulous
Very talkative, wordy
Gauche
Coarse, uncouth, clumsy; unrefined/uncultured, inferior
Geniality
Cheerfulness; kindliness; sociability
Gerrymander
To divide an area into voting districts in a way that favors a political party
Glib
Fluent in an insincere way; offhand
Goad
To prod; urge on
Gossamer
Light and delicate; cobwebs; sheer
Gouge
To tear out; to scoop out; overcharge
Grandiloquent
Pompous, bombastic, exaggerated
Gregarious
Sociable
Grouse
To complain; complaint
Guileless
Free of cunning or deceit; artless
Guise
Outward appearance; false appearance; pretense
Gullible
Easily deceived
Gustatory
Affecting the sense of taste
Halcyon
Calm and peaceful; happy; golden; prosperous
Hallowed
Holy; sacred
Harangue
Long, pompous speech; tirade
Harrowing
Extremely distressing; terrifying
Herbivorous
Animal feeding on plants
Hermetic
Tightly sealed; magical
Heterodox
Unorthodox; not widely accepted
Hieroglyphics
Weird pictorial symbols that are difficult to decipher
Hirsute
Covered with hair
Histrionic
Exaggerated emotional behavior; theatrical
Homeostasis
Automatic maintenance to achieve equilibrium
Homily
Sermon; tedious moralizing lecture; platitude
Homogeneous
Composed of identical parts; uniform in composition
Lackluster
Dull
Ascendant
Superior, rising, or an ancestor
Unflagging
Not getting tired
Inveigle
To entice, lure by using flattery, to beguile
Speculate
To reflect, meditate, or take on considerable risk
Needling
Teasing or provoking
Protege
Person under the patronage, protection, or care of someone interested in his career or welfare
Vassal
Subordinate, servant, slave
Vanguard
Front of the army, forefront in any movement, leaders of an intellectual or political movement
Mulish
Be stubborn
Cerebration
Consideration, thought
Mien
Demeanor, conduct, behavior
Prognosis
Forecast
Penitent
Feeling sorrow for wrongdoing
Looming
Illusion in which objects below the horizon seem to be raised above their true positions
Ecumenical
General, universal
Outclass
To surpass, be superior
Obviate
To anticipate, prevent, or eliminate by effective measures
Libel
Defamatory
Inveterate
firmly established
Pathological
Relating to disease
Recriminations
To countercharge against accuser
Insolent
Rude
Recidivism
Repeated or habitual relapse (into crime)
Hedonism
Pleasure or happiness is the highest good and way of life
Unaffected
Sincere, genuine, unpretentious
Truculent
Aggressive
Salutary
Beneficial, promoting health
Odious
Hateful
Sodden
Dull or expressionless
Unwholesome
Unhealthy, corrupt, disgusting
Lull
To cause to sleep or relax
Intuit
To know, sense, or understand by intuition
Officiate
To perform a ceremony, to carry out a duty
Toadies
Sycophant
Critical
Exercising careful judgement o inclined to criticize
Tantamount
Equivalence in value, significance, or effect
Vestige
Trace, mark ,smallest quantity or trace
Habiliment
Clothes
Paragon
Model of excellence or perfection
Iridescent
Attractive quality or effect
Drab
Prostitute
Verdict
Decision of the jury
Proscribe
To condemn or forbid, prohibit
Tome
Large, scholarly book
Fretful
Worried
Hyperbole
Exaggeration
Iconoclastic
Attacking traditions
Ideological
Set of ideas forming a political or economic system
Idolatry
Idol worship
Igneous
Reduced by fire; volcanic
Imbroglio
Complicated situation; entanglement
Immutable
Unchangeable
Impassive
Showing no emotion
Impecunious
Poor; having no money
Impede
To hinder/ block
Impermeable
Impossible to penetrate
Imperturbable
Not easily disturbed
Impervious
Impossible to penetrate; unable to be affected