Essential pain management Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

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2
Q

What is nociception?

A

Neural processes of encoding and processing noxious stimuli

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3
Q

What are some physical benefits of treating pain?

A

Improved sleep
Better appetite
Fewer medical complications like heart attack or pneumonia

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4
Q

What are some psychological benefits of treating pain?

A

Reduce suffering

Less depression and anxiety

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5
Q

What are the 2 mechanism classifications of pain?

A

Nociceptive

Neuropathic

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6
Q

What are the 2 cause classifications of pain?

A

Cancer

Non-cancer

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7
Q

What are the 3 duration classifications of pain?

A

Acute
Chronic
Acute on chronic

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8
Q

What is the usual description of nociceptive pain?

A

Sharp and/or dull

Well localised

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9
Q

What is the usual description of neuropathic pain?

A
Burning 
Shooting
Numbness
Pin and needles
Not well localised
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10
Q

What are the 4 physiological steps in pain?

A

Periphery
Spinal cord
Brain
Modulation

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11
Q

Which nerves might signals travel through from nociceptors to spinal cord?

A

C

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12
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is the first relay station for nociception?

A

Dorsal horn

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13
Q

What is the second relay station for nociception/peripheral stimuli?

A

Thalamus

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14
Q

Where does pain perception occur?

A

Cortex

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15
Q

What is pain modulation?

A

Descending pathway from brain to dorsal horn

Usually decreases pain signal

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16
Q

What are some causes of neuropathic pain?

A

Increased receptor numbers
Abnormal sensitisation of nerves
Chemical changes in the dorsal horn
Loss of normal inhibitory modulation

17
Q

What kinds of drugs are used for spinal cord pain?

A

LAs
Opioids
Ketamine

18
Q

What are some non-drug treatments for spinal cord pain?

A

Acupuncture
Massage
TENS

19
Q

What kind of drugs are used to treat brain pain?

A

Paracetamol
Opioids
Amitriptyline
Clonidine

20
Q

Are NSAIDs good for nociceptive pain?

21
Q

Is codeine good for neuropathic pain?

22
Q

What kind of pain would codeine be good for?

A

Mild-moderate acute nociceptive pain

23
Q

Name a good drug for moderate-severe nociceptive pain?

24
Q

What does amitriptyline do?

A
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
Increases descending inhibitory signals
25
Which pain scale is used for confused patients?
Abbey Pain Scale
26
What does RAT stand for?
Recognise Assess Treat
27
What is an appropriate treatment for mild nociceptive pain?
Paracetamol
28
What are some drugs to consider for neuropathic pain?
Amitriptyline Gabapentin Duloxetine