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Anaesthetics and genetics > Essential pain management > Flashcards

Essential pain management Flashcards

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1
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

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2
Q

What is nociception?

A

Neural processes of encoding and processing noxious stimuli

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3
Q

What are some physical benefits of treating pain?

A

Improved sleep
Better appetite
Fewer medical complications like heart attack or pneumonia

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4
Q

What are some psychological benefits of treating pain?

A

Reduce suffering

Less depression and anxiety

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5
Q

What are the 2 mechanism classifications of pain?

A

Nociceptive

Neuropathic

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6
Q

What are the 2 cause classifications of pain?

A

Cancer

Non-cancer

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7
Q

What are the 3 duration classifications of pain?

A

Acute
Chronic
Acute on chronic

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8
Q

What is the usual description of nociceptive pain?

A

Sharp and/or dull

Well localised

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9
Q

What is the usual description of neuropathic pain?

A 
Burning 
Shooting
Numbness
Pin and needles
Not well localised
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10
Q

What are the 4 physiological steps in pain?

A

Periphery
Spinal cord
Brain
Modulation

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11
Q

Which nerves might signals travel through from nociceptors to spinal cord?

A

Aδ

C

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12
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is the first relay station for nociception?

A

Dorsal horn

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13
Q

What is the second relay station for nociception/peripheral stimuli?

A

Thalamus

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14
Q

Where does pain perception occur?

A

Cortex

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15
Q

What is pain modulation?

A

Descending pathway from brain to dorsal horn

Usually decreases pain signal

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16
Q

What are some causes of neuropathic pain?

A

Increased receptor numbers
Abnormal sensitisation of nerves
Chemical changes in the dorsal horn
Loss of normal inhibitory modulation

17
Q

What kinds of drugs are used for spinal cord pain?

A

LAs
Opioids
Ketamine

18
Q

What are some non-drug treatments for spinal cord pain?

A

Acupuncture
Massage
TENS

19
Q

What kind of drugs are used to treat brain pain?

A

Paracetamol
Opioids
Amitriptyline
Clonidine

20
Q

Are NSAIDs good for nociceptive pain?

A

Yes

21
Q

Is codeine good for neuropathic pain?

A

No

22
Q

What kind of pain would codeine be good for?

A

Mild-moderate acute nociceptive pain

23
Q

Name a good drug for moderate-severe nociceptive pain?

A

Morphine

24
Q

What does amitriptyline do?

A 
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
Increases descending inhibitory signals
25
Q

Which pain scale is used for confused patients?

A

Abbey Pain Scale

26
Q

What does RAT stand for?

A

Recognise
Assess
Treat

27
Q

What is an appropriate treatment for mild nociceptive pain?

A

Paracetamol

28
Q

What are some drugs to consider for neuropathic pain?

A

Amitriptyline
Gabapentin
Duloxetine

Anaesthetics and genetics (5 decks)

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