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Anaesthetics and genetics > Critical Care and IV Fluids > Flashcards

Critical Care and IV Fluids Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is type 1 respiratory failure?

A

Oxygenation failure

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2
Q

What is type 2 respiratory failure?

A

Oxygenation and ventilation failure

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3
Q

What is shock?

A

Acute circulatory failure with inadequate or inappropriately distributed tissue perfusion resulting in cellular hypoxia

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4
Q

What are the different kinds of shock?

A 
Distributive (septic)
Hypovolaemic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
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5
Q

How do we calculate cardiac output?

A

HR x Stroke volume

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6
Q

What factors does stroke volume depend on?

A

Preload
Contractility
Afterload

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7
Q

What are some vasopressors sometimes used for CV failure?

A

Metaraminol

Noradrenaline

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8
Q

What are some useful ionotropes for CV failure?

A

Adrenaline

Dobutamine

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9
Q

What are crystalloids?

A

Aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules

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10
Q

What are colloids?

A

Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin

Blood itself is a colloid

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11
Q

What are the different kinds of neurological failure?

A

Metabolic
Trauma
Infection
Stroke

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12
Q

What are some pros and cons to colloids over crystalloids?

A

Swifter volume expansion in the intravascular space

Cost more
May cause allergic reaction, blood clotting disorders and kidney failure

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13
Q

What are some pros and cons to crystalloids over colloids?

A

Cheap
Easy to use
Immediate fluid resuscitation

May cause oedema

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14
Q

What are some components of ECF?

A

ISF
Intravascular fluid
Water in connective tissue
Transcellular fluid

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15
Q

What is tonicity?

A

The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis

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16
Q

What is Hartog Jakob Hamburger?

A

0.9% saline same as human serum
“Normal saline”
No effect on red blood cells

17
Q

What is a drawback of 0.9% NaCl?

A

1l NaCl 0.9% is 9g of salt

Can cause hyperchloraemic acidosis, < renal blood flow, < GFR which exacerbates sodium retention

18
Q

What may acidosis affect apart from GFR and renal blood flow?

A

Cardiac contractility

19
Q

What is maintenance fluid?

A

0.18% NaCl/4% glucose/0.3% KCl (40mmol/l KCl)
This fluid if given at the correct rate provides the daily requirements of water, Na, K and glucose to prevent starvation ketosis

20
Q

Is urine output a good guide for fluid requirements?

A

No

Oliguria does not always require fluid therapy

21
Q

What are some clinical measurements for body fluid?

A

OESOPHAGEAL DOPPLER
PULMONARY ARTERY CATHETER
IVC collapsibility
MINIMALLY INVASIVE CO MONITORS

Anaesthetics and genetics (5 decks)

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