Essential fatty acids

Question 1

Definition:

Answer 1

Fatty acids necessary for health but not synthesised by the body

Question 1

Types:

Answer 1

Omega-6: Linoleic acid (LA) - C18:2n-6

Omega-3: Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) - C18:3n-3

Question 2

Source:

Answer 2

Must be obtained through diet (e.g., plant oils, nuts, seeds)

Question 3

Why Essential?

Answer 3

Enzymatic Limitation: Humans lack ∆12 and ∆15 desaturase enzymes.

Function: Cannot insert double bonds in the carbon chain at omega-6 and omega-3 positions.

Question 4

Roles and Functions

Answer 4

Cell Membrane Integrity: Influence fluidity, flexibility, and signalling pathways.

Eicosanoid Production: Critical for producing signalling molecules like prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Health Implications: Important for inflammation, heart health, and nerve functions.

Question 5

Sources of EFAs

Answer 5

Omega-6: Vegetable oils (corn, sunflower), nuts, seeds.

Omega-3: Flaxseed oil, walnuts, green leafy vegetables.

Question 6

Deficiency Symptoms

Answer 6

General: Poor growth, skin issues, immune weakness.

Nervous System: Impaired cognitive function, poor vision.

Cardiovascular: Altered cholesterol metabolism, increased heart disease risk.

Question 7

Dietary Importance

Answer 7

Intake Recommendations: Adequate intake prevents deficiency symptoms.

Balanced Omega Ratio: The historical human diet had a 1:1 omega-6 to omega-3 ratio; modern diets often have excessive omega-6.

Question 8

Preventive Measures

Answer 8

Dietary Choices: Increase omega-3 intake (e.g., fish oil, flaxseeds).

Supplementation: Consider supplements if dietary intake is insufficient.