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175.206 Memory & Cognition > Essay Reminders > Flashcards

Essay Reminders Flashcards

1
Q

Define Working memory

A

a limited capacity system
temporary storage
manipulation of information for complex tasks

comprehension
learning
reasoning

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2
Q

Baddeley’s working memory model

A

Phonological loop
Central Executive
Visuospatial sketch pad

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3
Q

Phonological loop

A

Baddeley’s WMM

Phonological store
Limited Capacity
A few seconds retention

Articulary rehearsal process
stops audio and verbal information decay

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4
Q

Visuospatial sketch pad

A

visual imagery

forms mental images

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5
Q

Central Executive

A

Controls divided atention

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6
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Gorilla Video
clearly visible stimuli is missed when attention is divided
Mack & Rock 1998

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7
Q

Cell phone experiment

A

strayer & johnson
twice as long to brake
twice as many red lights missed

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8
Q

Schneider & Shiffrin

A

divided attention is possible when well practiced (automatic) but at the cost of cognitive resources

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9
Q

Change Detection

A

most errors are only identified when they are pointed out

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10
Q

Misinformation ffect

A

misleading information presented to a witness of an event changes how the recall it later

Loftus 1974 car crash tape
“did you see the car CRASH?”

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11
Q

Perception

A

Wells & Bradfield 1998
Gun man footage
pick a gunman from line up
gunman wasn’t present

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12
Q

Retroactive interference

A

information after the event from sources including media amends the memory

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13
Q

Familiarity

A

people are more likely to identify familiar faces or items

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14
Q

Suggestion

A

“did you see a white car”

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15
Q

schemas

A

a persons knowledge of an environment

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16
Q

script

A

what we expect to see or to occur

17
Q

Availability Heuristics

A

events that are easy to remember are considered to be more probable or likely e.g. people think botulism kills more people than asthma

18
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

observations and or conclusions from evidence

19
Q

Representative heuristics

A

how often we expect an event to occur

kahneman & tversky
Books + Quite + Classes = farmer or librarian?

20
Q

representative sample

A

we often assume a sample is representative when it isn’t

21
Q

K.C. car accident

A

damage to hippocampus
loss of episodic memory
Rosenbaum 2005

22
Q

Episodic memory

A

mental time travel

Tulving 1985

23
Q

Errors in Episodic

A

False memories
flashbulbs
misinformation
Heuristics

24
Q

Semantic memory errors

A

decay with age

some ideas are more closely associated than others

25
Q

Semantic memory

A

Meyer’s Lexical Decision model
Processing time & Speed of activation
Similar items are recognised faster

spreadign activation

26
Q

Collins & Quillian

A

Canary vs ostrich
Heirarchial model
primed for bird when you hear canary

175.206 Memory & Cognition (4 decks)

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