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essay questions Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the CSR concepts

A
  1. corporate social responsibility
  2. corporate social responsiveness
  3. corporate social performance
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2
Q

what does CSR emphasize

A

obligation and accountability to society

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3
Q

what does corporate social responsiveness emphasize

A

action

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4
Q

what does corporate social performance emphasize

A

outcome and results

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5
Q

what are the phases of CSR

A
  1. corporate social stewardship
  2. corporate social responsiveness
  3. corporate/business ethics
  4. corporate/ global citizenship
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6
Q

drivers of corporate social stewardship

A
  1. executive conscience
  2. company image and reputation
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7
Q

policy instruments of corporate social stewardship

A
  1. philanthropic funding
  2. public relations
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8
Q

what did corporate social stewardship involve

A
  1. acts of charity
  2. seeing managers as trustees
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9
Q

drivers of corporate social responsiveness

A
  1. social protest
  2. stakeholder pressure
  3. repeated corporate misbehaviour
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10
Q

policy instruments of corporate social responsiveness

A
  1. stakeholder strategy
  2. regulatory compliance
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11
Q

what did corporate social responsiveness involve

A
  1. social impact analysis
  2. strategic priority for social response
  3. stakeholder mapping and implementation
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12
Q

drivers of corporate business ethics

A
  1. code of ethics
  2. human rights pressure
  3. religious and ethnic beliefs
  4. technology-driven value changes
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13
Q

policy instruments of corporate business ethics

A
  1. mission/vision/value statements
  2. CEO leadership ethics
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14
Q

what did corporate business ethics involve

A
  1. ethical organizational climate
  2. ethical corporate culture
  3. recognizing common ethical principles
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15
Q

drivers of corporate global citizenship

A
  1. global economic trade
  2. high tech communication networks
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16
Q

policy instruments of corporate global citizenship

A
  1. sustainability reports
  2. NGO dialogue
    3.
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17
Q

arguments for CSR

A
  1. balance corporate power with responsibility
  2. promote long-term profit for business
  3. improve stakeholder relationships
  4. enhanced business reputation
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18
Q

arguments against CSR

A
  1. requires skills businesses may lack
  2. impose hidden costs on stakeholders
  3. impose unequal costs among competitors
  4. lowers economic efficiency and profit
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19
Q

how does CSR promote long-term profit

A

it improves the reputation of the company, can increase customer loyalty and helps them retain and attract skilled employees, leading to higher sales

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20
Q

how can CSR result in unequal costs among competitors

A

companies that prioritize social and environmental responsibility may have higher expenses than those who prioritize profit maximization

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21
Q

how does CSR require skills businesses may not have

A

business people have marketing, accounting, and finance skills. however they may not have the capability to address social issues

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22
Q

define CSR

A

the promise that a business makes to society, while making money. business should care about helping the society and the environment rather than just making profit

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23
Q

define business social responsibility

A

obligation that every business must respect the interest of all it’s stakeholders

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24
Q

define business ethics

A

moral rules that should guide working in businesses. it helps businesses decide whether a decision is right or wrong regardless of profit

25
Q

define corporate power

A

the capability of corporations to influence government, society, and the economy

26
Q

define iron law of responsibility

A

in the long run those who do not use power in a way society sees responsible will lose it

27
Q

social audit

A

a systematic evaluation of an organization’s social, ethical, and environmental performance

28
Q

why should a business be ethical to meet the demands of business stakeholders

A

stakeholders expect companies to show a high level of ethical performance and social responsibility, for example, if an employee views their company as ethical they will recommend it to others as a good place to work

29
Q

why should a business be ethical to promote personal morality

A

most people want to act in ways that are consistent with their sense of right and wrong

30
Q

why is personal gain and selfish interest an ethical problem

A

sometimes businesses hire people who would put their gain ahead regardless of the harm it may do to other employees, society, or the company

31
Q

why is competitive pressure on profit an ethical problem

A

when companies have tough competition they engage in unethical activities to increase profit

32
Q

why ethical problems occur in business

A
  1. personal gain and selfish interest
  2. competitive pressure
  3. conflict of interest
33
Q

when does conflict of interest occur

A

when an individual’s self-interest conflicts with acting in the best interest of others

34
Q

types of regulations

A
  1. economic regulation
  2. social regulation
35
Q

what is economic regulation

A

government intervention to ensure fair competition, protect consumers, and promote social and economic objectives

36
Q

what does economic regulation involve

A
  1. price control
  2. quality standards
  3. licensing requirements
37
Q

advantages of economic regulation

A
  1. safeguards consumers
  2. market efficiency
38
Q

disadvantages of economic regulation

A

potential stifling of innovation

39
Q

what is social regulation

A

to protect consumers and the environment and provide workers with safe and healthy conditions

40
Q

what does social regulation involve

A
  1. equal employment opportunity
  2. health care
41
Q

purpose of deregulation

A

increase competition with the expected benefits of greater efficiency, lower prices, and enhanced innovation

42
Q

dilemma of deregulation

A

must improve competition without sacrificing social regulations

43
Q

what is environmental ethics

A

seeks to explore what responsibility humans have towards the world they live in

44
Q

environmental issues

A
  1. climate change
  2. pollution
  3. genetic engineering
  4. conservation
45
Q

environmental issues facing businesses

A
  1. ozone depletion
  2. climate change
  3. air pollution
  4. water pollution
46
Q

environmental audits

A

an independent study of the impact of business on the environment, it focuses on what is produced, how it’s produced, and how it’s marketed. the goods should be easy to use and recyclable

47
Q

a real-life example of environmentalism

A

Hertz

48
Q

define health as a business and medical ethics

A

refers to moral principles, values, and guidelines that govern the behavior of healthcare professionals in their practices. it involves consideration of what is morally right and wrong in the context of patient care research

49
Q

why are medical ethics needed

A
  1. the practice of medicine and the practice of ethics are inseparable
  2. every clinical decision involved an ethical decision as well
50
Q

pillars of medical ethics

A
  1. non-maleficence
  2. beneficence
  3. autonomy
  4. distributive justice
51
Q

what is non-maleficence

A

it means do no harm, avoid casuing harm to patients wether intentionally, or unintentionally, while providing medical care

52
Q

what does non-maleficence require

A

healthcare professionals carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits of any medical procedure

53
Q

what is beneficence

A

an action done to benfit others

54
Q

beneficence vs non-maleficence

A

beneficence is a positive requirement for action, while nonmaleficence is a negative prohibition against action

55
Q

what is autonomy

A

based on respect for the individual and the value of a person

56
Q

what is autonomy influenced by

A

humility, it’s impossible to know what is best for someone else

57
Q

what is distributive justice

A

addresses the fair allocation of resources, including access to medical care, treatment and health services

58
Q

what does distributive justice emphasize

A

the ethical distribution of resources, regardless of factors such as socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or geographical location

citizenship and society (7 decks)

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