Essay Plan - Normative Theories

Question 1

Kantian Ethics Essay Plan

Answer 1

AO1:
- Define, deontological, absolutist etc
- Free will —> Good will
- Living through unfettered reason (rejection of heteronymous ethics)
- Duty + Shopkeeper
AO2:
- Does Duty Matter?
- Rationally prefer - preference util
- St Augustine and OG sin = no good will

AO1:
- Hypo Imperative
- Categorical Imperative (1)
AO2:
- Easy = Child can understand
- Susan the slag

AO1:
- Categorical Imperative (2+3)
AO3:
- Basis for UN Human Rights
- Winston Churchill and WW2

AO1:
- 3 Postulates of Practical Reason
- Existence of God and rationality of the universe
AO2:
- Assumes the universe is a rational entity

Question 2

Utilitarianism Essay Plan

Answer 2

AO1:
- Define, teleological etc
- Act Util - Define + Principle of Utility (Quote)
- Hedonic Calculus
AO3:
- Who tf uses a calculation
- Secular and easy to understand
- Issue of utility - £100 dilemma

AO1:
- Rule Util - JS MIll
- Principle of liberty + importation of opium
- Higher vs Lower Pleasure
- Rejection of Natural Rights Mill + Bentham
AO3:
- Rejection of rights - Kants 2nd Cat Imp
- Hedonism paradox, bad pleasure but no good bad?

AO1:
- Preference Util peter singer, altruistic
- John C Harsanyi - Manifest vs True Pleasures
- Universality and against speciesm
AO3:
- More realistic, cant chase pleasure all your life
- Compare to Act and Rule Util

Question 3

Natural Law Essay Plan

Answer 3

AO1:
- Define, NL Deontological etc
- Fourfold Div of Law + Ius and Lex
- St Ambrose Quote
AO3:
- Calvin
- Jesus in Sermon on the Mount

AO1:
- Primary + Secondary Precepts
- Key precept of synderesis
- Telos
AO3:
- Russel Fallacy of Composition
- Pope Paul, argument in opposing directions about contraception

AO1:
- DofDE
- “take character from what is intended”
AO3:
- Anthony Kenny job examp, “different matter is A is appointed with express purpose of giving pain to B”
- Consequentialism through the back door

• “take character from what is intended”

Question 4

Situation Ethics Essay Plan

Answer 4

AO1:
- Define, altruistic, teleological and Christian love
- Agape + W Temple Quote
- Legalism, Antinomianism, Relativism
AO3:
- Jesus broke the sabbath
- Evangelical and Calvinists

AO1:
- Four Working Principles
AO3:
- Bosnian Conflict
- Anthony O’Hear

AO1:
- 6 Propositions
AO3:
- Teleological = cant know outcomes
- Bishop Barclay “If all men were angels, situation ethics would be the perfect ethics?

Question 5

Cardinal Vincent Nichols blueprint for better business

Answer 5

Human Dignity - Image of God
The Common Good - Good of ppl not just profits
Solidarity - No man is an island
Subsidiary - lowest level of efficiency
Fraternity - fellowship to other cultures
Reciprocity - justice at a low level
Sustainability - Future generations