Essay- Obstacles To CRM

Question 1

Intro- context

Answer 1

In the 1900s, despite the abolishment of slavery in 1865- African Americans did not have complete freedom. Wasp Americans denied them their basic human rights- social political and economic. By 1918 Black Americans faced prejudice discrimination and segregation and had difficulties finding well paid jobs or good housing whilst living in fear of terror and violence they faced many obstacles up to 1941.

Question 2

Intro- issues

Answer 2

Four factors it will be concluded that the activities of the KKK, legal impediments wasp racism and divisions between the black community.

Question 3

Intro - debate

Answer 3

Through the analysis of these 4 factors it will be concluded that ….. is not the most important obstacle to civil rights as wasp racism has a much bigger and widespread influence

Question 4

KKK KU1

Answer 4

1915 a birth of a nation was released In this film the KKK were displayed as heroic Americans defending the ‘true Americanism’ life style by targeting black Americans and terrorising them
Membership rocketed and by 1925 consisted of 3 million members including judges politicians and policemen

Question 5

KKK A1

Answer 5

This showed how deep rooted into the country the hatred of blacks were as even those in the legal system were against them which led them to feel threatened to speak up or not seeing the point in standing up for themselves as no matter how hard they tried there were people above them like the judges and politicians who opposed them and were determined to make them feel inferior to Wasps, therefore being a very important obstacle to the CRM.

Question 6

KKK KU2

Answer 6

The KKK terrorised Black Americans continuously. Mob violence, beatings, torture and public lynchings became the daily life of a black citizen living in the south.

Question 7

KKK A2

Answer 7

This showed black Americans lived in fear- if they attempted to get help of stand up for themselves, they risked being attacked or lynched which led to them being vulnerable yet unable to get help, making it an obstacle

Question 8

KKK COUNTER

Answer 8

However during the 1930s the KKKs membership declined due to a ten dollar membership fee and scandal amongst the leaders of the KKK which caused many members to stray from them. This acted as a limiting factor as if membership declined in the 1930s other factors would have affected the movement more, making it less important.

Question 9

KKK- E

Answer 9

Therefore KKK is very important obstacle in the achievements of the CRM for black Americans. This is because even though black Americans fought in the war for America, 78 war veterans were lynched by the KKK in 1919 showing their hatred was so strong no matter what black Americans did the KKK would target them causing them to feel threatened and scared. However, as in the 1930s the KKK membership declined it suggests other factors such as wasp racism were more prominent.

Question 10

WASP KU 1

Answer 10

Wasps had strong discriminatory attitudes towards black Americans and felt as if they were superior to all those around them. This attitude stemmed through the legacy of slavery and denying black Americans their rights. Wasps saw black Americans as jokes and displayed racial stereotypes of them through pop culture for example- golliwogs and Jim Crow figures

Question 11

WASP A1

Answer 11

Important as wasps had significant roles in perceptions and reinforced the idea that black Americans did not need to be treated with respected. This was an obstacle to the CRM as it allowed other to not take black Americans seriously which reinforced the idea of them being inferior to WASPS.

Question 12

WASP KU2

Answer 12

Black Americans migrated north from south to avoid terror and violence threats. As there was a huge influx on black Americans migrated there, there was competition for jobs and housing and they ended up in unskilled jobs. This resulted in them living in ghettos which were overcrowded and crime stricken. Which led to even further discrimination and segregation.

Question 13

WASP A2

Answer 13

African-Americans did not have job security so the statement of last hired, first fired led to them becoming unemployed in the Great Depression the the 1930s further enforcing the stereotype of not being worthy enough for the CRM and therefore acting as an obstacle.

Question 14

WASP E

Answer 14

Therefore WASP racism and prejudice is the most important obstacle in the achievement of the CRM. This is because of the inaction of presidents such as Woodrow Wilson who oversaw segregation in federal offices and said that they were the ‘inferior ignorant race’ which perpetuated racism from above and cemented racist attitudes and perceptions leaving black people with no one to stand up for them and their rights. Bigger than KKK as membership declined in 1930s showing other things are bigger obstacles than it. Overall swiping WASP racism is more important.

Question 15

LACK OF POLITICAL/LEGAL KU1

Answer 15

15th amendment legally have black Americans the vote since1867. However Supreme Court ruling of 1876 allowed states to govern as they saw fit. Some southern states began to introduce literacy tests to prevent voting as 60% of black Americans were illiterate.

Question 16

LACK OF POLITICAL/LEGAL A1

Answer 16

This means that the majority of black Americans could not vote which meant they could not vote for someone who would help them gain their civil rights. An obstacle to CR we then wasps can vote for someone with the same values and view points, meaning no change for black Americans.

Question 17

LACK OF POLITICAL/LEGAL KU2

Answer 17

This also included grandfather clauses which were introduced in certain states. These meant that people could only vote if they could prove that an ancestor of theirs voted legally and before 1857.

Question 18

LACK OF POLITICAL/LEGALA2

Answer 18

Important as slavery was only abolished in 1865, meaning black Americans did not vote back then, meaning the majority of black Americans could not vote- having no democratic representative in the federal government meant no political power to challenge discrimination.

Question 19

LACK OF POLITICAL/LEGAL COUNTER

Answer 19

However, enfranchisement of black Americans was affected by other factors besides (these 2), Memphis Anne, blues singer, 1925 stated ‘when voting time came around the KKK would be waiting outside the voting place. No coloured folk would try to vote’. Showed that blacks were prevented from voting from their own future and its improvements by the activities of the KKK as well showing these 2 factors were directly influenced by the KKK.

Question 20

LACK OF POLITICAL/LEGAL E

Answer 20

Therefore lack of p and legal impeds fairly important obstacles in the achievements of CR. This was because the separate but equal ruling of 1896 allowed legally for black Americans to be segregated which arguably encouraged discriminatory attitudes as though the ruling states equal facilities they were not usually equal facilities which left black Americans feelings inferior to wasps. Though less important than wasp racism as they caused a lack of p by introducing voting restrictions that caused the disenfranchisement of black Americans showing wasp racism was the most important obstacle as it is at the root of other factors.

Question 21

DIVISIONS KU1

Answer 21

Within the black community were groups such as the NAACP who was run by Du Bois, who worked within the legal system to achieve absolute equality. In comparison- another group the UNIA, run by Marcus Garvey, opposes this and believed that Waso racism was too ingrained in the country that there was no point in trying. He had a vision of ‘Negro Nationalism’ and encouraged the separation of races.

Question 22

DIVISIONS A1

Answer 22

The lack of unity and poor organisation weakened their campaign and made it appear as if black Americans were incapable of maintaining an effective campaign. This acted as an obstacle as this caused arguments between the black community and therefore, led to them not being able to protest in unity making their campaigns ineffective.

Question 23

DIVISIONS COUNTER

Answer 23

However, the UNIA approach of ‘Black Pride’ and ‘Black is beautiful’ empowered black Americans and allowed them to no longer feel inferior to wasps, giving them a glimpse at an equal life which did not motivate them to fight for civil rights, making it less of an obstacle.

Question 24

DIVISIONS E

Answer 24

Divisions in the black community a quite important obstacle in the achievements of civil rights. This is because they did not have a united front as booker T Washington believed they could only achieve equality through education and should not complain about grievances but should create opportunities for their own improvements which contrasted with other groups showing divisions. Less important than Wasp racism as wasp attitudes were too ingrained and deep rooted to change, making them the bigger obstacle.