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Music 1st Term Test > ESS topic 2 > Flashcards

ESS topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology?

A

Study of relations of organisms to one another

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2
Q

Ecosystem?

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

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3
Q

Community?

A

All interacting living organisms in an area

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4
Q

Population?

A

The amount of a species

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5
Q

Habitat?

A

The environment where a species lives: individuals in the same species cam live in different habitats.

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6
Q

Species?

A

A group of organisms that share common characteristics and interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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7
Q

Biotic/Abiotic?

A

Living/Nonliving

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8
Q

Niche?

A

a job or role of a component in an ecosystem or habitat.

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9
Q

Generalists?

A

A species that can survive on a wide variety of food .eg humans

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10
Q

Specialists?

A

A species that only eats a small variety of foods eg Koalas only feed on eucalyptus leaves.

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11
Q

Carrying Capacity?

A

The number of organisms a region can support without environmental degradation (population density or food)

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12
Q

Parasitism

A 
When one organism benefits at the expense of another 
e.g
ticks & bedbugs
lice
pinworms and tapeworms
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13
Q

Herbivores

A 
When a species only eats plants and producers. Often called grazers. Similar to predator prey relationship, causes adaptations in both species
eg
Caterpillars and leaves
Koalas and eucalyptus
Pandas and bamboo
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14
Q

Predation

A

Preying of one animal on another, a biological interaction where one animal kills and eats another. Helps control and prevents overpopulation of a species, and controls old age and disease in prey.

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15
Q

Commensualism?

A 
Long term biological interaction between two species where one species is benefited while the other stays neutral. 
eg
Sharks and remora fish
Monarch butterfly and milkweed
Whales and barnacles
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16
Q

Mutualism?

A 
AN interaction between two or more species that resulths in positive and beneficial effects on reproduction and/or survival of all interacting species.
eg
termites and protozoa
Digestive bacteria and humans
oxypeckers and zebras/rhinos
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17
Q

Ecological niche?

A

the sum of a species use of biotic and abiotic resources in an environment
eg
shorebirds share the same habitats but have different niches

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18
Q

J Curve?

A

rapdily reproducing species displayed on a graph

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19
Q

S curve

A

slower reproducing species, limiting and slowing population growth

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20
Q

S curve

A

slower reproducing species, limiting and slowing population growth

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21
Q

Competition?

A

If two species have the same or very similar niche, they cant live together. One species will win
eg
grey vs red squirrels

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22
Q

Intra/interspecific competition?

A 
Intra = in the same species
Inter = between two different species
23
Q

fundamental niche?

A

the set of resources a population is theoretically capable of using under ideal conditions

24
Q

Realized niche?

A

the resources the population actually uses compared to the fundamental niche

25
Overshoot/dieback?
Goes above/below the carrying capacity
26
Lag phase?
Population is low with slow growth
27
Exponential growth phase?
Population grows at an increasing rate
28
Transition phase?
Population continues to grow but slows down
29
Plateau phase?
When the population stabilizes so that there is very little to no population growth.
30
Environmental resistance?
the set of factors that restrict biotic potential of an organism and put a limit on population growth
31
desnity dependancy
the impact of present or past populations on the present growth rate
32
Intristic (internal) desnity dependancy factors?
- Density dependant fertility - Size of breeding territory - Social stress
33
Extristic (outside)
- Predation - Parasitism - Interspecific competition
34
R/K strategists?
``` R= J curve K = S curve ```
35
Trophic levels?
the position that an organism occupies in a food chain. - You can have different roles within a foodchain - You can be a part of several foodchains - Your fundamental role would not change.
36
Autotrophs
``` Selfeeding organisms that produce their own food. -Phototrophs use photosynthesis -Chemotrophs - chemical feeding eg Producers ```
37
Heterotrophs
Other-source feeding organisms that derive energy from other living organisms
38
Decomposers - detrivores and suprotrophs
Detrivores = Ingest non living organic matter eg woodlice Suprotrophs = lives in or on nonliving organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing digestive products (bacteria and fungi)
39
Photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process in plants that converts sunlight into chemical energy to provide energy for the plant. Usually involves chlorophyll to convert this energy.
40
Respiration?
The process of oxidising an organism's cells, by transforming stored chemical energy into kinetic energy.
41
Word and chemical formulae for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water -- Glucose + Oxygen | 6CO2 + 6H2O -- C6H12O6 + 6O2 (all numbers small)
42
Word and chemical formulae for respiration?
Oxygen + Glucose -- Energy +water +co2 | 602 + C6H1206 -- energy + 6H20 + 6CO2 (all numbers small)
43
Food web?
A diagram that identifies all feeding relationships within a habitat.
44
Why is energy lost at each flow of a food chain?
Respiration
45
Percentage energy loss?
Real input/initial input x 100 = energy | 100 - energy = energy loss
46
Define an ecological pyramid?
Graphic model of the quantitative differences between the amount of living material stored at each trophic level of the food chain.
47
Pyramid of numbers?
Shows the numbers of organisms at each trophic level.
48
Pyramid of biomass?
Represents the standing stock/storage of each trophic level measured in units such as grams of biomass per square (gm-2) or Joules per square metre (Jm-2). It is the total dry mass of organic matter in ecosystems.
49
Pyramids of productivity
The amount of available energy down the food chain. It takes a large number of producers to sustain PCs and so on.
50
Pyramids of productivity energy?
Energy transfer is never 100% efficient. Measured in units of energy per unit area per unit time.
51
Biomagnification
The increase in concentration of persistent or non-biodegradable pollutants along the food chain.
52
Bioaccumalation?
The build-up of persistent/biodegradable pollutants within an organism or trophic level as they cant be broken down.
53
Minamata disaster?
Pollutant Mercury to Methylmercury. Caused Minamata disease due to waste dumping, bioaccumulation and biomagnification.

Music 1st Term Test (3 decks)

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