Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Enviornmental Science > ESS grade 10 test 1 > Flashcards

ESS grade 10 test 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are biogeochemical cycles

A

pathways for molecules like water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to move through all of Earth’s geological and ecological compartments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

water cycle in simple terms

A

rain precipitates water onto earth
water runs off into storage (ocean, lake, etc)
surface water evaporates into water vapor
water vapor forms clouds, condenses, then precipitates again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does precipitation occur

A

water vapor inside the cloud gets cold
vapor condenses into liquid rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of precipitation

A

rai, hail, snow, sleet graupel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the source of all of our energy

A

the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do states of matter change

A

solid to liquid (melting + energy)
liquid to gas (evaporating + energy)
gas to liquid (condensation - energy)
liquid to solid (freezing - energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do animals excrete water

A

peeing, sweating, or breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how to plants excrete water

A

transpiration
- the process of water moving into the plant through roots
- then evaporating off of leaves which is called evapotranspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

advection

A

when a cloud moves over land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

percolation

A

when water rests (holding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

infiltration

A

when water goes into soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

assimilation

A

the process of plants absorbing water and incorporating vitamin rich molecules into their blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

evapotranspiration

A

water is sucked up through the roots through capillary action then is evaporated off the leaves

it is the complete process of how water is transferred from the ground to the atmosphere, including transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are oceans salty

A

as water runs off to the ocean, it erodes minerals like salt from the soil and carries it to the ocean. When water is evaporated, it leaves the salt behind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sublimation

A

solid to gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

deposition

A

gas to solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

carbon cycle simple terms

A

inorganic cycle
- fossil fuels containing stored carbon are burned
- combustion releases the carbon into the atmosphere

organic cycle
- plants use carbon dioxide(sun and water) in photosynthesis and releases water, glucose, and atp
- animals eat that plant and use cellular respiration to release carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fossil fuels

A

once living organisms (carbon based)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

percentage of the human body carbon

A

12-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

carbon in the ocean

A

carbon dissolves in water
30% is absorbed from the atmosphere
some of it remains, some is used by organisms (phytoplanktin) and some evaporates right out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

shells

A

made of calcium carbonate and when they fall to the bottom of the ocean, they compress making limestone

22
Q

limestone

A

made of shells. when they break down (acidifies) it creates carbon dioxide and carbonic acid (contributing to the acidification of oceans and increase of carbon)

23
Q

excess carbon in the atmosphere

A

contributes to climate change since it is a greenhouse gas (traps heat in the atmosphere)

keeping carbon locked in the ground is better for the atmosphere

24
Q

positive feedback cycle

A

When the sun warms the ice, ice melts, causing more carbon to release into the atmosphere. This heats up the atmosphere causing more ice to melt and more co2 to release and the cycle repeats.

25
Q

nitrogen cycle in simple terms

A
  • nitrogen fixing bacteria fixes nitrogen (splits it apart)
  • nitrogen bonds with water in the soil producing ammonium
  • nitrifying bacteria breaks down the ammonium into nitrites and then nitrates
  • nitrogen is absorbed by plants
  • animals take in nitrogen by eating plants
  • when a creature dies, nitrogen either gets absorbed by another plant (assimilation) or denitrifying bacteria breaks nitrogen away from the compound and releases it back into the atmosphere
26
Q

how to break nitrogen triple bond

A

nitrogen fixing bacteria
lightning
habor process

27
Q

habor process

A

man made synthetic fertilizers

28
Q

why is nitrogen important

A

nitrogen is in dna and is responsible for the process of making proteins

29
Q

what % of the atmosphere is nitrogen

A

78%

30
Q

N2 in the atmosphere

A

a diatomic triple bond

31
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

n2 is split into 2 nitrogen molecules

32
Q

nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes that split n2

33
Q

legumes

A

soybeans, clover, peanuts, kudzu

34
Q

what form of nitrogen (and enzyme) is usable by plants

A

ammonium (nitrogenase enzyme makes it useful) but not all plants like ammonium so nitrites and nitrates

35
Q

nitrifying bacteria

A

take ammonium and convert it into nitrites and nitrates

36
Q

denitrifying bacteria (and enzyme)

A

converts nitrates and nitrites back into nitrogen gas, nitrate reductase enzyme is what does this.

37
Q

phosphorus cycle in simple terms

A
  • phosphorus is in rocks
  • after weathering + erosion then deposition, it can get compacted and cememnted and stay in rock.
  • or after weathering, erosion, and deposition, the contact with water forms a compound phosphate
  • phosphate travels through ground water and gets absorbed by plants
  • plant uses phosporus for its own processes then the plant dies
  • animal eats it then it poops or dies, either way it decomposes and goes back into the ground
  • once in the ground it can either get reabsorbed by another plant or sink deeper and eventually become rock again in the ocean.
38
Q

inorganic phosphorus cycle vs organic cycle length

A

millions of years for inorganic
hundreds of thousands of years for organic

39
Q

whats unique about phosphorus

A

only cycle that doesnt involve or pass through atmosphere

40
Q

why is phosphorus important

A
  • its in dna and rna
  • its the p in atp
  • it is in the phospholipid bilayer in the animal cell membrane
41
Q

lithosphere and type of rock

A

earth’s crust made of sedimentary rock

42
Q

lithotroph

A

rock eating bacteria

43
Q

how do phosphates end up in the soil and water

A

soil - leaching (absorbed into soil)
water - weathering, erosion, deposition

44
Q

main ingredient in synthetic fertilizers

A

nitrogen and phosphorus

45
Q

why is too much nitrogen and phosphorus (in synthetic fertilizer) bad for the enviornment

A
  • when there is too much n and p, the plants cant use it having it sink into the ground water and end up in a water source
  • the plants living in said water source rapidly reproduce with all the new nutrience
  • they then end up covering the top of the water preventing ocean and sunlight from reaching life below
  • this then suffocates life under the water
  • when all the plants die, the decomposition process uses up dissolved oxygen in the water, bad for aquatic life
46
Q

ammonification

A

the process in which nitrogen gas from decomposing plants/animals (organic material) is converted into ammonium

47
Q

how is human activity related to biogeochemical cycles

A

deforestation, industrialization, and the burning of fossil fuels throw off the balance the natural flow of elements and contribute to climate change

48
Q

Soil

A

soil hosts the largest diversity of organisms and stores carbon, water, and other nutrients

it is important to support safe soil practices

49
Q

Where do plants get their nitrogen from

A

plants get nitrogen from soil

50
Q

How is carbon stored during photosynthesis

A

carbon is stored as sugar during photosynthesis

51
Q

Largest carbon resevoir

A

deep ocean

Enviornmental Science (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions