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Gastroenterology > Esophageal disorders > Flashcards

Esophageal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of esophageal disorders?

A
  1. Inflammatory
  2. Functional
  3. Mechanical
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2
Q

What are the causes of inflammatory esophagitis?

A
  • Acid reflux
  • Pill induced esophagitis
  • Caustic esophagitis
  • Infectious esophagitis
  • Eosinophilic esophagitis
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3
Q

What are the most common viruses of infectious esophagitis?

A

Candida
Herpes simplex virus
HIV

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4
Q

What are the causes of functional esophagitis?

A
  • Achalasia
  • Esophageal spasms
  • Sclerodermal esophageal dysmotility
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5
Q

What are the most common symptoms of achalasia?

A
  • Dysphagia for both solids and liquids
  • Weight loss
  • Regurgitation
  • Aspiration
  • Chest pain
  • Heartburn
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6
Q

Individuals who suffer from achalasia are susceptible to?

A

Squamous cell or adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

What is the gold standard to diagnose achalasia?

A

Esophageal manometry but also consider Ba swallow which will reveal dilatation of the esophagus.

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8
Q

What are the findings of esophageal manometry of an individual with achalasia?

A

Upper: NORMAL
Middle: Decreased peristalsis
Lower: Increased pressure

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9
Q

How do you treat achalasia?

A
  1. Balloon dilatation

2. Botulinum toxin

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10
Q

What is the main symptom of esophageal spasms?

A
  • Intermittent dysphagia for both solids and liquids

- Retrosternal chest pain

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11
Q

What are the treatments for esophageal spasms?

A
  1. nitrates

2. CCBs

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12
Q

What happens in the esophagus of someone with scleroderma?

A

The smooth muscle of the esophagus atrophies

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13
Q

Name the mechanical esophageal disorders.

A
  1. Schatzki’s ring
  2. Plummer - Vinson Syndrome
  3. Zenker’s diverticulum
  4. Esophageal stricture
  5. Obstruction
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14
Q

Mention 3 features of SCHATZKI’S RING

A
  1. Ring is formed in the gastroesophageal junction
  2. Most individual do not have symptoms
  3. It causes intermittent dysphagia for solids only
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15
Q

What are the features of PLUMMER VINSON SYNDROME

A
  1. Intermittent dysphagia to solids
  2. Iron deficiency anaemia
  3. esophageal webs
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16
Q

Where is most likely to see esophageal webs?

A

Upper 1/3 of esophagus

17
Q

Plummer Vinson syndrome is associated with which type of cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

18
Q

What is the feature of Zenker’s diverticulum?

A

Impairment relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle

19
Q

What are the main symptoms of Zenker’s diverticulum?

A
  1. Food stuck in the throat/choking
  2. Cough
  3. Halitosis
  4. Regurgitation
20
Q

What is the Gold Standard to diagnose Zenker’s diverticulum?

A

Ba swallow

21
Q

What are the main symptoms of benign esophageal strictures?

A
  1. Progressive dysphagia (solids)
  2. Odynophagia
  3. Weight loss
  4. Heartburn
22
Q

What are the symptoms of malignant esophageal strictures?

A
  1. Progressive dysphagia (solids)
  2. Heartburn
  3. Odynophagia
  4. Weight loss
  5. UPPER GI BLEEDING (anaemia)
23
Q

Through which triangle emerges the Zenker’s diverticulum?

A

Killian’s triangle

Gastroenterology (10 decks)

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