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PR3154 > erythropoiesis > Flashcards

erythropoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

hematocrit definition

A

Relative vol of RBC out of total blood vol

Erythrocytes (out of whole blood)

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2
Q

Ht in Male

A

46%

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3
Q

Ht in female

A

42%

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4
Q

RBC function

A
  • Resp gas transport
  • Contain Hb, transport O2
  • Contain carbonic anhydrase, transport CO2
  • Buffer pH in blood
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5
Q

shape of RBC

A
  • Biconcave
  • Diameter: 7.5um
  • Thickness: 2-1um
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6
Q

feature of RBC

A

○ Large SA/vol ratio
○ Easy diffusion of O2
○ Flexible (cap 3-4um)
○ Smooth flow through stack formation

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7
Q

other values of RBC??

A
  • 99.9% of formed elements
  • ~45% of blood vol
    ○ M: 5.2 x 10* 9 RBC/mL
    ○ F: 4.7 x 10* 9 RBC/mL
  • RBC lifespan: 100-120 days
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8
Q

RBC composition and numbers

A
  • 97% Hb
  • 25-30 x 10* 12 RBC/ human
  • 2.5 x 10* 8 Hb molecules/ RBC
    ○ 1 RBC transport 10*9 O2 molecules
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9
Q

globin

A

4 folded pp chains
2 α chains
2 β chains

Aa seq determine affinity to O2

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10
Q

Heme

A

a. Pigment

b. Each heme grp 1 Fe, bind 1 O2 molecule

c. Weak, reversible binding (easy to diffuse)

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11
Q

number of O2 binding 1 Hb

A

1 Hb = 4 chains = 4 heme = 4 Fe = 4 o2

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12
Q

colour of bood

name of Co2 bound Hb

A

oxyHb: bright red
deoxyHb: dark red

CARBAMINOHb

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13
Q

Erythropoiesis rate

A
  • Generate erythrocytes 25-30x10*12 RBC/human
  • Replace RBC: 2-3X10*6 RBC/s
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14
Q

fetus erythropoiesis

A

yolk sac —-> liver, spleen, lymph node

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15
Q

<5yo erythropoiesis

A

all bone marrow

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16
Q

5-20 yo erythropoiesis

A

bone marrow of ribs, sternum, vertebrae, proximal ends of long bones

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17
Q

> 20 yo erythropoiesis

A

bone marrow in ribs, sternum, vertebrae

18
Q

erythropoietin release (hormone)

A

○ Release and RBC prod regulated by tissue oxygenation

  1. Decr O2 delivery to kidney
  2. Decr blood flow to kidney
  3. Incr tissue demand for O2
  4. Anemia
  5. Blood donation
    ○ Release hormone, incr rate of erythropoiesis
  6. Once O2 delivery to kidney is sufficient, kidney decr output
19
Q

effect of erythropoietin

A
  • Growth factor
  • Enhance proliferation rate of proerythroblasts and erythroblasts
  • Enhance Hb synthesis
  • Incr RBC production (30x10*6/s)
  • 90% secreted by kidneys, 10% in liver
20
Q

WHY Androgen (M) enhance erythropoietin

A

higher RBC conc than F

21
Q

how does erythropoiesis process work

A
  1. Stimulate hematopoietic stem cells to form proerythroblast
  2. Ribosome synthesis in early erythroblast
  3. Hb accumulation in late erythroblast & normoblast
  4. Eject NUCLEUS from normoblast = form reticulocytes
    a. 0.8-1% reticulocyte
    b. (indicative of erythropoiesis)
  5. Continue Hb synthesis, leave bone marrow, complete differentiation to mature erythrocytes in blood
22
Q

when is RBC broken down

A
  • Self destruct, lifespan of 100-120days
  • worn-out
23
Q

how is RBC broken down

A
  1. Lack protein synthesis, makes mem fragile + Hb degrade
  2. Rupture in spleen tiny vessels (3um diameter)
  3. Macrophage take up dying RBC/ components
24
Q

what is recycled in RBC and where

A

Fe recycled. Reused in BONE MARROW/ stored in LIVER

25
Q

what is metabolised from RBC and where

A

Hb split –> 4 heme + 4 globulin (a,b chains)

○ Globulin metabolised into AA, released into circ

○ Heme grp degraded to yellow pigment, bilirubin
- Excreted via liver and bile –> urine and feces
- Excess bilirubin = jaundice

26
Q

end pdt of rbc

A

heme – degraded into bilirubin

globulin – meta into aa

Fe – recycled, liver, bone marrow

27
Q

Anemia

A

reduction of Hb/ erythrocytes below normal capacity of blood to carry O2

28
Q

sx of anemia

A

blood O2 lvls cannot support normal metabolism, leads to
○ Fatigue, pale, SOB, chills

○ Low RBC, more lq blood, rush too fast into tissues, release little O2
	○ Hypoxia: widens blood vessels and reinforce effect 
	○ Incr workload for heart, cardiac arrest risk
29
Q

types of anemia

HARN TES

A

nutritional
aplastic
renal
hemorrhagic
sickle cell
Erythroblastosis fetalis
thalassemia

30
Q

nutritional

A

Dietary deficiencies of factors needed for erythropoiesis
□ Fe, folic acid, B12

Pernicious anemia: lack of vit B12, intrinsic factor

31
Q

Aplastic

A

Failure of bone marrow to make adequate number of RBC

  • Radiation damage or chemo
32
Q

Renal

A

Kidney disease, lack of erythropoietin

  • Not responsive/ unable to produce
33
Q

Hemorrhagic

A

Due to loss of sig amt of blood vol and RBC

34
Q

malaria

A

Plasmodium falciparum amplify in RBC, ruptures them. Offspring invades new RBC

35
Q

sickle cell

A

Mutation in b-globin gene, cause Hb to aggregate in low O2 conditions

36
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Rh+ RBC of fetus are destroyed by anti-Rh antibodies of a Rh- mother

  • mother’s second or later pregnancies. If she is ever carrying another Rh+ positive child, during birth, Rh- antibodies attack child
37
Q

Thalassemia

A

blood disorder, genetic

Low production of Hb

38
Q

excess RBC

A

Polycythemia/ erythremia

Excess RBC in circulating erythrocytes, elevated hematocrit

39
Q

effect of polycythemia

A

cause viscous blood, potentially plug capillaries, insuff O2 delivery to tissues

caused by primary, secondary polycythemia, dehydration

40
Q

primary causes of polycythemia

A

§ Tumour or tumour-like condition in bone marrow
7-8 X 10*9 RBC/mL

41
Q

secondary causes of polycythemia

A

§ Erythropoietin-induced, adaptive mechanism to improve O2 carrying capacity blood
□ People living at high altitudes.
6-7 x 10*9 RBC/mL

PR3154 (11 decks)

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