ERPs and Attention (2) Flashcards
What is the psychological hierarchy from sensory input to motor response?
- sensory inputs
- low-level perceptual analysis
- high-level semantic analysis
- decision making, memory storage…
- motor response
What are the three theories about where attentional selection occurs?
- early all or none filtering
- Late selection model
- strategic control of attention
What is early all-or-none filtering? Where does it occur?
- AKA Broadbent’s filter model
- between low-level perceptual analysis and high-level semantic analysis
- attention kicks in before we know the meaning of things
What is the late selection model? Where does it occur?
- McKay
- between high-level semantic analysis and decision making, memory storage
What is an example of evidence towards the late selection model?
- when you’re filtering out or ignoring other conversations but someone says your name and it catches your attention
- if early all-or-none filtering, then you wouldn’t process your name at all
What is the strategic control of attention?
- early or late selection can be chosen based on situation and approach
- attention is applied by top-down modulation
- addition of executive function sending feedback to all levels
What is the neural hierarchy of eyes to multimodal association cortex?
- eyes
- thalamus
- primary visual cortex
- secondary/tertiary visual cortex
- multimodal association cortex
What components are in visual evoked potentials?
- P1, N1, P2, N2, P3
What is cued attention task?
- cueing (arrow) on screen
- stimulus (bar) on screen either matching cue or opposite side (4 resulting conditions)
- respond to stimulus as quickly as you can
What does the cued attention task result in?
- shows evidence of early selection since attentional differences between when stimulus is attended or ignored is early in processing
- P1 is being modulated by attention
What is the attentional blink task?
- given a fast sequence of letters
- must indicate if there is a x in the sequence
- there is a white letter that occurs before the x and makes it difficult to notice the x
What is T1 and T2 in the attentional blink paradigm?
- T1: the letter in the different colour
- T2: what the participant is looking for
What is the attentional blink?
- as if attention to find x is blinked off and on
At what lag does the attentional blink occur? In what component does this occur?
- occurs especially at lag 3
- P1, N1, N400 are consistent
- P3 has a large drop at lag3
What are the characteristics of P3?
- P3 amplitude depends on probability of a task-defined stimulus category
- P3 effect cannot occur until after categorization
- P3 latency is tied to the amount of time required to perceive and categorize a stimulus
What is the psychological refractory period task?
- first task: hear a sound and respond with foot
- second task: if see O raise left hand, or see X and raise right hand
- compare how fast each task is alone and together
What is seen in the psychological refractory period task?
- must respond to first stimulus first
- when the second stimulus is much later after the first stimulus, the reaction time stays the same
- as the delay between stimulus’ decreases, the reaction time increases
What exactly is the psychological refractory period?
- the delay in reaction time when the stimulus’ are close in time
What is a long SOA?
- stimulus onset asynchrony is long
- as long as response selection of each don’t overlap
What is a short SOA?
- stimulus onset asynchrony is short
- cannot do response selection for both at the same time so get a bottleneck
What is seen in P3 for the psychological refractory period task?
- the P3 does not slow down meaning P3 does not explain the slowing of reaction time
- P3 is a late perceptual stage of categorizing and is before the delay since it has not slowed down
What is seen in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) for the psychological refractory period task?
- the LRP shifts to the right meaning that it is delayed
- the delay occurs after P3 but before LRP
When does attentional selection occur?
- can have an effect at many steps in processing
- cued attention (P1): low-level perceptual analysis
- attentional blink (P3): high-level semantic analysis
- PRP (LRP): motor response
