Erosion Landforms

Question 1

Formation of cave and arch

Answer 1

Joint or fault is eroded though hydraulic action by destructive waves and this widens the fault creating a cave. This is then eroded further to form an arch

Question 2

Formation of blowhole

Answer 2

If hydraulic action continues vertically upwards its possible for the cave to be extended to the top of the cliff where a blowhole will form

Question 3

Formation of an arch and stacks

Answer 3

Waves cut through the headland to form an arch. Over time the roof of the arch becomes too heavy to be supported and collapses to form a stack

Question 4

Formation of stacks and stumps

Answer 4

The stack is formed because the arch collapses through freeze-thaw weathering and the stack is isolated from the cliff. The stack is worn away and leaves a stump