erin (L4-5)

Question 1

flagellated protozoa and vector borne disease

Answer 1

american tryps - trypanosoma cruzi and chagas disease

african tryps - trypanosoma brucei species, HAT

Question 2

Communicable disease

Answer 2

• all infectious things, can be spread (direct and indirect transmission)

Question 3

kinetoplastids

Answer 3

flagellated forms (locomotion by flagella)
distinguished by kinetoplast (a large dna containing structure like a modified mitochondria)

Question 4

Non communicable disease

Answer 4

• cancer, heart disease, not spread by contact

Question 5

hemoflagellates morphological forms

Answer 5

amastigote in vertebrate host
param/prom/epim-astigote in invertebarate host
trypomastigote in vertebrate host

Question 6

parasite lifestyle changes

Answer 6

Parasite goes through changes from amastigote with short flagellum to trypomastigote (will differentiate between stages depending on the length of flagellum)

Question 7

Trypomastigote

Answer 7

important in transmission of pathogen to and from vector

the only lifestyle form that is highly infectious

Question 8

T brucei

Answer 8

they have salivarium transmission. They only occur in the salivary glands

Question 9

T cruzi (american trypanosome)

Answer 9

in the gut of the vector, transmission is via fecal contamination of wounds

Question 10

Leishmania

Answer 10

in the front mouth part of the vector, not in salivary glands (occurs when they take a blood meal)

Question 11

southern cone initiative

Answer 11

a union of the countries that have political commitment to eliminate the chagas disease as a public health problem through domestic vector elimination through housing improvements
brazil, chile, argentina, bolivia, uruguay, paraguay
–> We need a huge union to make the intervention long lasting and effective.
They use serological screening of blood, domestic vector elimination and housing improvements

Question 12

Rhodnius prolixus

Answer 12

mostly peri/domestic
Prefers huts with palm thatch roofs and peridomestic palms
Both domestic and sylvatic populations
Distinct niche isn’t targeted yet by housing improvement

Question 13

Triatoma dimidiata

Answer 13

sylvatic and domestic colonisers
Hides in dirt floors
Has more salvatic populations
More diversity in populations
More chances of reinfestations of household

Question 14

triatoma infestans

Answer 14

Lives in south america

Very domesticated vector, in walls, homes and in close proximity to people

Question 15

gran chaco region

Answer 15

very dry and huge area in bolivia
We cannot control it effectively
It is very poor. Populated by some indigenous communities. Could be outside of reach or political priorities of governments
House infestation rates approaching 100%
At least 50% are infected

Question 16

genetic simplification process

Answer 16

Triatomines adapted to the domestic environments so they tend to be unable to return to their original sylvatic ecotope due to a genetic simplification process

Question 17

Trypanosoma congolense

Answer 17

infection in cattle, high morbidity and mortality

Question 18

Trypanosoma vivax

Answer 18

global distribution, cattle, tsetse and tabanids, migration of infected animals

Question 19

Trypanosoma evansi

Answer 19

cattle, global, mostly tabanid fly

Question 20

Prediahrresis

Answer 20

large blood meal has all nutrients concentrated on it, so release water from the meal to have higher nutrient conc

Question 21

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)

Answer 21

Disease progresses through 2 distinct phases:

• The early stage (haemolymphatic), associated with blood infection
• The late stage (encephalitic, sleeping sickness), blood brain barrier is crossed and we get to the chronic stage