Ergogenic Aids Extras

Question 1

Name three types of pharmalogical aids

Answer 1

anabolic steroids, EPO, HGH

Question 2

describe anabolic steroids

Answer 2

illegal synthetic hormones resembling testosterone

Question 3

what impact do anabolic steroids have on performance

Answer 3

promote protein synthesis for muscle repair, recovery and growth

Question 4

what risks are associated with anabolic steroids

Answer 4

Irritability, aggression, paranoia, mood swings, liver damage, heart failure. Men can experience testes shrink, sperm count decrease, hair loss and breast tissue development. Women can see facial hair growth and a deeper voice.

Question 5

what performers use anabolic steroids

Answer 5

Strength based/explosive performers e.g. body builders, sprinters, rugby players, shot putters

Question 6

describe EPO

Answer 6

A hormone produced by the kidneys - illegal

Question 7

what impact can EPO have on performance

Answer 7

Increases haemoglobin levels and stimulates production of RBC. This means greater oxygen delivery so longer aerobic endurance and quicker recovery.

Question 8

what risks are associated with EPO

Answer 8

Heart attack or stroke, blood clots, increased blood pressure, causes development of antibody against EPO that can cause anaemia.

Question 9

what performers use EPO

Answer 9

Endurance athletes e.g. cyclists and marathon runners

Question 10

describe HGH

Answer 10

Synthetic copy of human growth hormone - illegal

Question 11

what impact can HGH have on performance

Answer 11

Protein synthesis for muscle growth, recovery and repair. Increases metabolism of fats and increases percentage of lean mass. Increased blood glucose levels and speed of recovery.

Question 12

what risks are associated with HGH

Answer 12

Abnormal bone and muscle growth, enlargement of vital organs which could cause organ failure, increased risk of certain cancers and diabetes.

Question 13

what performers use HGH

Answer 13

Strength based/explosive performers e.g. body builders, sprinters and shot putters

Question 14

name three types of physiological aids

Answer 14

blood doping, intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), cooling aids

Question 15

describe blood doping

Answer 15

Illegal method of increasing red blood cell count

Question 16

what impact can blood doping have on performance

Answer 16

Increased red blood cell and haemoglobin count so better oxygen delivery and aerobic capacity. Better intensity and duration of performance.

Question 17

what risks are associated with blood doping

Answer 17

Increased blood viscosity, decreased cardiac output, risk of blood clots and heart failure or infection (HIV/hepatitis)

Question 18

what performers use blood doping

Answer 18

Endurance athletes e.g. Tour de France cyclists

Question 19

describe intermittent hypoxic training (IHT)

Answer 19

Athletes live at sea level but train under low oxygen pressure environments

Question 20

what impact can IHT have on performance

Answer 20

Acclimatisation for events at altitude, increased RBC levels for oxygen delivery so increased intensity and duration of performance. Increased mitochondria and buffering capacity.

Question 21

what risks are associated with IHT

Answer 21

Benefits easily lost, loss of motivation, hard to reach normal work rates, decreased immune function so risk of infection, dehydration

Question 22

what performers use IHT

Answer 22

Endurance athletes

Question 23

describe cooling aids

Answer 23

Range of products used to reduce core temperature, treat injuries and speed up recovery.

Question 24

what impact can cooling aids have on performance

Answer 24

Reduced core body temperature, decreased sweating, dehydration and early fatigue, decreased injury pain and swelling, increased speed of recovery and repair, decreased DOMS.

Question 25

what risks are associated with cooling aids

Answer 25

Difficult to perceive exercise intensity, ice burns and pains, hidden injuries, chest pain, dangerous for those with heart conditions if used around chest area

Question 26

what performers use cooling aids

Answer 26

Endurance performers in hot climates

Question 27

name 8 nutritional aids

Answer 27

composition of meals for endurance training, composition of meals for strength training, glycogen loading, hydration, creatine, caffeine, bicarbonate, nitrates

Question 28

describe amount, composition and timing of meals for endurance training

Answer 28

Before event, eat lots of slow digesting carbs. During and after eat slow digesting carbs little and often.

Question 29

what impact can amount, composition and timing of meals for endurance training have on performance

Answer 29

Maintains blood glucose levels, preserves muscle glycogen stores and aids fast recovery

Question 30

what risks are associated with amount, composition and timing of meals for endurance training

Answer 30

Too much can cause dizziness and fatigue if levels are already high.

Question 31

what performers use amount, composition and timing of meals for endurance training

Answer 31

Endurance athletes e.g. cyclists or marathon runners

Question 32

describe amount, composition and timing of meals for strength training

Answer 32

Before training, equal amounts of fast digesting carbs and proteins. After training, lots of fast digesting carbs and protein.

Question 33

what impact can amount, composition and timing of meals for strength training have on performance

Answer 33

Provides fast energy for exercise, replace glycogen stores, promotes protein synthesis, muscle and strength gains

Question 34

what performers use amount, composition and timing of meals for strength training

Answer 34

Strength/explosive athletes e.g. powerlifters or sprinters

Question 35

describe glycogen loading

Answer 35

Also known as carbo loading. High carbohydrate diet with high protein and high fat.

Question 36

what impact can glycogen loading have on performance

Answer 36

Increased glycogen stores, increased endurance capacity, delays fatigue, increased time to exhaustion by up to 30%

Question 37

what risks are associated with glycogen loading

Answer 37

Hypoglycaemia in the depletion phase, poor recovery in the depletion phase, lethargy and irritability, gastrointestinal problems, increased risk of injury, affects mental preparations

Question 38

what performers use glycogen loading

Answer 38

Endurance athletes e.g. cyclists or marathon runners

Question 39

describe hydration

Answer 39

Keeping water and electrolyte levels high

Question 40

what impact can hydration have on performance

Answer 40

Temperature regulation, aids blood movement

Question 41

what risks are associated with hydration

Answer 41

Dehydration causes: decreased heat regulation, cognitive function and skill level and increase in temperature, blood viscosity, heart rate and fatigue. Loss of electrolytes can cause fatigue and cramping.

Question 42

what performers use hydration

Answer 42

All athletes

Question 43

describe creatine

Answer 43

Consumption of creatine monohydrate to increase stores of PC

Question 44

what impact does creatine have on performance

Answer 44

Increased PC stores, increased fuel for high-intensity energy production (ATP-PC system), increased intensity and duration of training, increased maximum and explosive strength

Question 45

what risks are associated with creatine

Answer 45

Increased weight gain, increased water retention, muscle cramps, gastrointestinal problems, long-term effects on health unclear

Question 46

what performers use creatine

Answer 46

Explosive athletes e.g. weightlifters and sprinters

Question 47

describe caffeine

Answer 47

A stimulant used to heighten the central nervous system and mobilise fats

Question 48

what impact can caffeine have on performance

Answer 48

Increased nervous stimulation, focus and concentration, increased mobilisation of fats, preservation of muscle glycogen, increased endurance performance

Question 49

what risks are associated with caffeine

Answer 49

Diuretic effect leading to dehydration, insomnia and anxiety, gastrointestinal problems

Question 50

what performers use caffeine

Answer 50

Endurance performers

Question 51

describe bicarbonate

Answer 51

An alkaline which acts as a buffer to neutralise the rise in lactic acid associated with intense anaerobic activity. Also known as soda loading.

Question 52

what impact can bicarbonate have on performance

Answer 52

Increased buffering capacity, increased tolerance to lactic acid, delaying OBLA, increased intensity and duration of performance

Question 53

what risks are associated with bicarbonate

Answer 53

Possible gastrointestinal problems, unpleasant taste can cause nausea

Question 54

what performers use bicarbonate

Answer 54

Athletes competing in events lasting 1-7 minutes

Question 55

describe nitrates

Answer 55

Inorganic compounds which dilate blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow to muscles

Question 56

what impact can nitrates have on performance

Answer 56

Reduced blood pressure, increased blood flow, increased intensity of performance and delayed fatigue

Question 57

what risks are associated with nitrates

Answer 57

Headaches, dizziness or light-headedness, long-term effects on health unclear, possible carcinogenic risk

Question 58

what performers use nitrates

Answer 58

Endurance athletes