Era of WW1 Flashcards
What is significant about 1918 for technology?
It wasn’t long after the invention of the tank
What did tanks help with?
Enemy machine guns
How were tanks not useful?
Early tanks were unreliable and slow moving
What was the women’s job during the war?
Women took over jobs vacated by men
They carried out vital work in munitions industry
They kept transport going
They had to take on greater responsibility in home
Women worked on farms
They had to cope with food shortages
They had to join armed services
What were the economic difficulties faced by Scotland after 1918?
Lack of investment and foreign competition resulted in decline of coal industry
Demand for ships declined
Shipyards were hit with labour disputes
Other countries increased steel making
Jute prices collapsed after war
Collapse of foreign markets for having greatly affected the industry
Why the actions of the Suffragettes harmed the campaign for the votes of women
Militancy gained a lot of negative publicity
Many campaigners felt that militant action undermined their efforts
Gov determined not to give into acts of vandalism/force
Attacks on MPs alienated support and turned many people against the cause who had previously supported them
Violent actions annoyed the public eg smashing of Windows
Upset suffragists
Why scots volunteered for ww1
Gov organised poster campaign
Appeal to patriotism
Desire to escape boring/difficult jobs
Peer pressure - “white feather.”
Proud tradition of soldiering in Scotland
What was the treatment for conscientious objectors
Subject to verbal abuse
Newspaper campaign against them eg articles or cartoons attacking conscientious objectors
Many physically assaulted
Objectors were forced to appear before military tribunals
Some accepted non combatant jobs
Imprisonment of absolutists
What was the effect of war on the Scottish economy
Unemployment was higher in Scotland than elsewhere in the UK
Unemployment was long term
Skilled workers left without work
Heavy industries laid off many workers
New opportunities for women
What was the contribution of suffragettes
Millicent fawcett was involved in campaign for suffragettes
1912 - time of suffragette militancy
Suffragettes were successful in drawing attention to cause
Many campaigners for vote viewed suffragettes methods with disgust
What was the impact of war on women
Women took on new jobs previously though to be “male occupations”
They had to cope with food shortages
Had to cope with rationing
Had to keep family going without male support
Had to deal with loss of a loved one
Who was Colonel Swinton?
He was involved with the development of new technology
What are the costs of new technology
Machine gunners deeply hated by infantry. More likely to be killed when captured than any other soldiers
Machine guns were pretty heavy (>20kg)
Artillery was the biggest killer of WW1
Artillery was the cause of 75% of enemy deaths
Gas was made illegal so countries couldn’t use got anymore to ensure success
Gas could blow back onto own troops
Aircraft didn’t play a decisive role in war
Tanks were terribly uncomfortable. They had a top speed of 6km/hr
The noise the tanks made communication impossible. 38 to 50 degrees. Breaks down every 8-16 km
What are the benefits of new technology
Machine guns can fire 400-600 rounds per minute
Massive quantities of shells for artillery could be transported to the front lines
Gas could kill many men which ensured success
Aircraft could carry heavy bombs. They could also be used in dogfights and in the reconnaissance.
Tanks are affected little by artillery and they have a firing range of 30km
What was the Scottish industry/economy like during the war
Agric/farming - wages doubled for farm workers
Fishing - there was a decline as the North Sea was effectively closed. There was a rationing impact due to this
Shipbuilding - boom in production for war
Engineering - there was a boom in munitions, airplanes, tanks and rail to move supplies
Textiles - rubber and jute demand
Coal - boom in fuel industry
