ER Diseases Flashcards
Prolactinoma
Galactorrhea
decreased libido
decreased ovulation and spermatogenesis by inhibiting GnRH.
Acromegaly
hyper-secretion of GH occurs post-puberty results in thickening soft tissues and growth of skull bones
-frontal bossing
-prominent chin
-growth of mandible
-widening of teeth
-enlargement of hands, feet, ears & nose
Gigantism
Cushing’s disease
** can be caused by cushing syndrome ACTH secreting adenoma --- hypercortisolism Moon face Buffalo hump think skin, skin striae decreased fertility weight gain hypertension hirsutism
Conns disease
adrenal adenoma
hypertension, high serum aldosertone
low renin levels
Addison Disease
autoimmune destruction of all zones of adrenal cortex
hypo-secretion of adrenal cortex, hypo-cortisolism
bronze pigmentation (increase of ACTH)
weight loss, muscle weakness, salt craving, abd pain
Pheochromocytoma *
tumor of adrenal medulla abnormal hypertension, increased production of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine episodic symptoms headache, sweating, tachycardia diagnosed with high urinary VMA
Carcinoid Syndrome *
tumor of serotonin producing cells (APUD cells)
Increased 5-HIAA
cutaneous flushing, diarrhea
Goiter
due to under ingestion of iodine
Iodine def leads to excessive TSH & enlarged thyroid
Graves disease
hyperthyroidism- caused by an antibody that mimics TSH
Weight loss, increased perspiration, elevated heart-rate, protruding eyes (exophthalmos)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- autosomal recessive disorders
- cortisol is deficient and the feedback inhibition of ACTH release is not sufficiently performed by cortisol.
- low cortisol levels lead to overstimulation of adrenal cortex
deficiency of 3-B- hydroxysteroid DH
- severe deficiency of all mineralocorticoids & glucocorticoids
- male newborns may have male or female like genitalia
- female newborns may have female or male like genitalia
CYP 17 deficiency
low cortisol, high aldosterone ( hypertension)
CYP 21 deficiency
low cortisol, low aldosterone "salt crisis" can be fatal if not treated -ambiguous male-like genitalia in females - male genitalia is normal
CYP 11 B deficiency
low cortisol, high deoxycorticosterone ( mild hypertensions)
low aldosterone
Panhypopituitarism
deficiency of all pituitary hormones
leads to dwarfism, hypogonadism, mental retardation
hypothyroidism, low sex hormones, low glucocorticoids
** can result in pituitary stalk injury
