Equity Theory (Walster et al)

Question 1

Equity Theory

Answer 1

Assumes that most people try to achieve fairness in their relationships and feel distress if they perceive unfairness.

An equitable relationship should be one where the partner’s benefits minus costs equal their partner’s benefits minus costs.

Question 2

Principles of Equity Theory

Answer 2

-Profit: Rewards are maximised and costs minimised.
-Distribution: Trade-offs and compensations are negotiated to achieve fairness in a relationship.
- Dissatisfaction: The greater the degree of perceived unfairness, the greater the sense of dissatisfaction.
Realignment: If restoring equity is possible, maintenance will continue to realign equity.

Question 3

Inequity and Dissatisfaction

Answer 3

Relationships that lack equity are associated with distinct types of dissatisfaction.

If people feel over-benefited, they may experience guilt. If people are under-benefited, they may experience anger and resentment.

The greater the inequity, the greater the dissatisfaction and the more they are motivated to do something about it.

Question 4

Dealing with Inequity

Answer 4

Restoration of actual equity: Individuals can restore equity by voluntarily setting things right or by urging their partners to do so.

Restoration of psychological equity: Couples in inequitable relationships distort reality and convince themselves they are fair.

If couples are unable to restore equity in their relationship, they can leave it: This can be physically or emotionally.