EQUINE_ ABNORMALITIES Flashcards
DESCRIBE THE PATHOGENESIS OF PLACENTITIS
- BACTERIA ASCENDS AND INFECTS CERVICAL STAR
- NECROTIZING INFLAMMATION OF CHORIOALLANTOIS
- UPREGULATING EXPRESSION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN PLACENTAL TISSUE
- PRODUCTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN BY PLACENTA
- UTERINE CONTRACTION
- PREMATURE LABOUR
- PREMATURE MATURATION OF HPA AXIS OF FOAL
- PREMATURE PARTURITION
HOW TO DIAGNOSE PLACENTITIS ON TRANSABDOMINAL AND TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND
- MEASURE THE COMBINED THICKNESS OF UTERUS AND PLACENTA (CTUP)
- DAYS 271- 300—CTUP 8mm
- DAYS 303-330—–CTUP 10mm
- DAYS 330 AND AFTER—CTUP 12mm
what 4 quadrants of the placenta must be inspected when doing transabdominal ultrasound?
- right cranial
- right caudal
- left cranial
- left caudal
how to get a definitive diagnosis of placentitis?
histopathological exam of chorioallantois membrane
how does placentitis affect the foetal membranes?
- thickened
- fibronecrotic exudate
- cervical star is most affected
describe the treatment for placentitis
- antimicrobials-penicillin
- anti-inflammatories- flunixin meglumine
- hormonal support
which is the most common uterine torsion?
anticlockwise (left)
60%
how to obtain a definitive diagnosis for uterine torsion?
rectal palpation
what are some characteristics of an anticlockwise rotation uterine torsion?
- left uterine ligament tighter
- the right uterine ligament is slacker
- the left ul is more caudal
- the right ul is cranial to the left ul
what is the most common post partum problem in the mare
retained placenta
WHAT ANATOMICAL FACTORS PLAY A ROLE IN RETAINED PLACENTAS?
- MORE DEVELOPED MICOVILLI IN THE UTERINE HORNS THAN ITS BODY
- MORE BRANCHED AND LARGER MICROVILLI
LIST 4 CAUSES OF RETAINED PLACENTA
- BLOOD BORNE
- ASCENDING INFECTION
- UTERINE INERTIA
- HORMONAL IMBALANCE
WHAT IS THE MOST OBVIOUS SIGN OF A RETAINED PLACENTA?
PLACENTAL TISSUE PROTRUDING FROM VULVA
WHICH IS NOT A SEQUELAE OF RETAINED PLACENTA?
A. LAMINITIS
B. METRITIS
C. SEPTICEMIA
D. UTERINE INERTIA
UTERINE INERTIA
- IS A RISK FACTOR
WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED TREATMENT FOR RETAINED PLACENTA AFTER 4-6 HRS
- ANTIBIOTICS: POTASSIUM PENICILLIN; GENTAMYCIN; METRONIDAZOLE
- UTERINE LAVAGE WITH SALINE
- EXERCISE
- TETANUS TOXOID