Equine Skeletal System

Question 1

The functions of bones (provide 5 answers)

Answer 1

1) provide protection 2) giving rigidity and form to the body 3) acting as levers for muscle movement via contraction 4) storing minerals (mainly calcium and phosphorous) 5) forming the cellular elements of blood (ie in the bone marrow and spongy substance of young bone)

Question 2

What is _____ that covers all bone and forms almost the entire shaft of long bones

Answer 2

Cortical / dense / compact bone

Question 3

____ is composed of spicules arranged to form a porous network with the spaces filled with marrow

Answer 3

Cancellous (spongy) bone

Question 4

The _____ ______ is the space surrounded by the cortex of long bones. In young animals it is filled with ____ and in older animals is it filled with ____

Answer 4

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity) Red marrow Yellow marrow (fatty) as the animal ages

Question 5

The _____ refers to either end of long bone. Closest to the body is the ____ and furthest away _____. The ____ refers to the cylindrical shaft of long bone, with the ____ refers to the middle points at each of these two, generally the widest part of long bone.

Answer 5

Epiphysis - proximal - distal Diaphysis Metaphysics

Question 6

______ or ______ is a layer of hyaline cartilage that separate the ____ and ______ within the _____ of immature bone. This is the only area which immature bone can grow. ______ is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface of a bone.

Answer 6

Epiphyseal cartilage — disk (physis) Diaphysis - epiphysis Metaphysis Articular cartilage

Question 7

____ is the fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone except where ___ is

Answer 7

Periosteum Articular cartilage

Question 8

This bone producing cell ___ of the periosteum is responsible for increase in ______ of the bone helps heal _____

Answer 8

Osteoblasts Diameter Fractures

Question 9

What are bone destroying cells

Answer 9

Osteoclasts

Question 10

Name the classification of bones

Answer 10

long bones Short bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones Flat bones Pneumatic bones

Question 11

Short bones are: _____

Answer 11

Cuboid ( all sides equal ) No single marrow cavity but instead the interior is filled with spongy bone filled with marrow spaces The exterior is formed by a thin layer of compact bone They absorb concussion, found in complex joints such as carpus / tarsus

Question 12

Flat bones are_____?

Answer 12

Relatively thin They are compromised of two plates of compact bone (the lamina externa and interna) separated by spongy material diploe Function: chiefly for protection (ie skull, ribs, pelvis scapula) the scapula and pelvis large areas for m. attachment

Question 13

Sesamoid bones are: _____

Answer 13

Supposedly called so as they look like a sesame seed (tho not so in domestic animal) They occur along the course of tendons to help reduce friction, increase leverage or change direction of pull. Patella largest one.

Question 14

Pneumatic bones are:_____

Answer 14

Contain air spaces or sinuses

Question 15

The study of bones is called….?

Answer 15

Osteology

Question 16

What bones make up the axial skeleton

Answer 16

Skull vertebral column sternum ribs