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RUSVM Parasitology > Equine Parasites: Nematodes II > Flashcards

Equine Parasites: Nematodes II Flashcards

1
Q

In general, Strongyloides nematodes have a/an _________ lifecycle with ______ infective stage.

A

DIRECT lifecycle with L3 infective

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2
Q

What is the common name for subfamily Strongylinae?

A

Large strongyles

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3
Q

Name the equine parasites included in subfamily Strongylinae (large strongyles).

A

S. vulgaris
S. edentatus
S. equinus

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4
Q

Name the equine parasites included in subfamily Cyathostominae (small strongyles)

A

Cyathostomins

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5
Q

What is interesting about the history of Large and Small Strongyles?

A

Large strongyles used to be the problem parasites, but after effective treatment using MCLs, small strongyles are now the main problem causing parasite.

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6
Q

The following characteristics describe what type of strongyle?:
Larvae migrate in organs
Colic
Adults are bloodsuckers/plug feeders which causes anemia

A

Large strongyles (S. vulgaris, edentatus, and equinus)

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7
Q

The following characteristics describe what type of strongyle?:
More than 50 species
Larvae damage the large intestine mucosa causing colic and diarrhea
Resistance has been noted

A

Small Strongyles (Cyathostominae)

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8
Q

How big are adult large strongyles?

A

1.5 to 5 cm

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9
Q

How big are adult small strongyles?

A

Less than 1.5 cm

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10
Q

Where would you find adult large or small strongyles?

A

The lumen of the large intestine

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11
Q

Can you distinguish between the eggs of a large strongyle and small strongyle? How big are the eggs?

A

No, you cannot differentiate between them.

60- 120 x 35- 60 Mm

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12
Q

What is the PPP of large strongyles?

A

6 to 11 months

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13
Q

What is the PPP of small strongyles?

A

1.5 to 4 months

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14
Q

What is the difference between the migration of large and small strongyles?

A

LARGE strongyles migrate through ORGANS

SMALL strongyles migrate locally and ENCYST in intestinal walls

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15
Q

Which strongyle is resistant to antihelminthics?

A

Small strongyles

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16
Q

What color are adult Strongylus vulgaris worms?

A

“Red worms”

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17
Q

Large strongyles have _________ mouth capsules.

A

GLOBULAR

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18
Q

Which large strongyle has a PPP of 6 months?

A

S. vulgaris

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19
Q

Which large strongyle has a PPP of 9 months?

A

S. equinus

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20
Q

Which large strongyle has a PPP of 11 months?

A

S. edentatus

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21
Q

Which large strongyle migrates to the cranial mesenteric artery?

A

S. vulgaris

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22
Q

Which large strongyle migrates to the liver via direct migration?

A

S. equinus

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23
Q

Which large strongyle migrates to the portal vein of the liver and sub-peritoneal connective tissue?

A

S. edentatus

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24
Q

How long is the adult S. vulgaris?

A

1-2 cm

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25
Q

What does Strongylus vulgaris larva cause?

A

Arteritis, thrombus, infarction, death

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26
Q

What clinical signs does larva of Strongylus vulgaris cause?

A

Thrombo-embolus, and colic

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27
Q

What clinical signs do adults of Strongylus vulgaris cause?

A

Anemia because they are bloodsuckers

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28
Q

How long are Strongylus edentatus adults?

A

3-4 cm

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29
Q

Where would you find Strongylus edentatus larval stages?

A

In liver and abdominal tissue (flanks)

30
Q

What are some symptoms associated with a Strongylus edentatus infection?

A

Larva: Fever, anorexia, and intermittent colic
Adults: Anemia

31
Q

How long are Strongylus equinus adults?

A

3-4 cm

32
Q

The larvae of which large strongyle forms hemorrhagic tracts?

A

Strongylus equinus

33
Q

How do you diagnose a large strongyle infection?

A

Identifying L3 in a fecal exam

34
Q

The mouth capsule of small strongyles/Cyathostomins is _______ in shape.

A

Rectangular or square

35
Q

What is the PPP of small strongyles/Cyathostomins?

A

6 weeks to 2-4 months

36
Q

There are over 51 species of ___________.

A

small strongyles/Cyathostomins

37
Q

Small strongyles/Cyathostomins can arrest development for how long?

A

2.5 years

38
Q

Where would you find small strongyles/Cyathostomins larva?

A

Large intestine mucosa

39
Q

Catarrhal colitis and protein losing enteropathy are characteristic of what parasite?

A

small strongyles/Cyathostomins

40
Q

Clinical signs of a small strongyles/Cyathostomins infection are associated with what?

A

The emergence of L4

41
Q 
The following characteristics describe what parasite?:
Chronic diarrhea
Colic
Seasonality
Severe weight loss
Edema
A

small strongyles/Cyathostomins

42
Q

How do you diagnose small strongyles/Cyathostomins?

A

Fecal exam using McMaster and distinguish if L3 is a large or small strongyle

43
Q

Why would you find small strongyles/Cyathostomin eggs in the feces of foals less than 6 weeks of age?

A

Coprophagia

44
Q

In the North, small strongyles/Cyathostomins larva _______ in the winter, and emerge in the ______.

A

ARREST in the winter and emerge in the SPRING

45
Q

In the South, small strongyles/Cyathostomins larva ________ in the summer and transmission occurs in the _________.

A

larva ENCYST in the summer and transmission occurs in the WINTER

46
Q

What is the origin of infection of small strongyles/Cyathostomins?

A

The mare is the origin of infection

47
Q

What is used to treat a small strongyles/Cyathostomins infection?

A

BZs and MCLs, resistant to all drugs

48
Q

How do you prevent small strongyles/Cyathostomins infection?

A

Treat sick animals
Clean up feces
Do not overstock

49
Q

What is the most pathogenic large strongyle?

A

S. vulgaris larva

50
Q

What part of the body is affected by Dictyocaulus arnfieldi?

A

lungs

51
Q

What is the major host for Dictyocaulus arnfieldi?

A

Donkeys

52
Q

In horse, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi adults do not reach ________ _________ and __________.

A

Do not reach SEXUAL MATURITY and PATENCY

53
Q

You find 8 cm long slender nematodes in the bronchii of a horse. What parasite is it most likely to be?

A

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

54
Q

What stage of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi is found in feces?

A

L1

55
Q

Where would you find adult Dictyocaulus arnfieldi laying eggs containing L1?

A

Bronchii

56
Q

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi causes what clinical signs in Donkeys?

A

none

57
Q

What clinical signs does Dictyocaulus arnfieldi cause in horses?

A

chronic productive cough

58
Q

How do you diagnose Dictyocaulus arnfieldi?

A

Find L1 in fresh feces or lung washings

59
Q

How do you prevent Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection in areas where it is endemic?

A

Separate horses and donkeys into different pastures

60
Q

What parasites belong to superfamily Filaroidea?

A

Setaria equina and Onchocerca cervicalis

61
Q

Setaria equina and Onchocerca cervicalis have a/an ___________ lifecycle with _______ infective stage.

A

Indirect. L3 infective stage.

62
Q

What circulates in the blood of Setaria equina and Onchocerca cervicalis?

A

mff (microfilaria)

63
Q

Where do Onchocerca cervicalis mff accumulate?

A

In dermal connective tissues

64
Q

Describe adult Setaria equina worms.

A

Long, slender, 12 cms long

65
Q

Where would you find adult Setaria equina worms?

A

In the peritoneal cavity

66
Q

What nematode would you recover from the peritoneum of a horse?

A

Setaria equina

67
Q

Onchocerca cervicalis worms are _________ cm long

A

6 cm

68
Q

Onchocerca cervicalis uses _________ as its intermediate host.

A

Culicoides spp.

69
Q

Setaria equina uses _________ as its intermediate host.

A

Mosquitos

70
Q

You find an adult nematode coiled into the tissue nodules of deep connective tissue. More specifically, the ligamentum nuchae. What parasite is this?

A

Onchocerca cervicalis

RUSVM Parasitology (5 decks)

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