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RUSVM Parasitology > Equine Parasites: Nematodes > Flashcards

Equine Parasites: Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

There are more than ______ helminth species.

A

100

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2
Q

The average total worm burden is the largest in which species?

A

Horse. 100,000

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3
Q

Why is the diagnosis of parasites important in the equine?

A

Health
Performance
Financial Savings

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4
Q

How big is an adult Draschia megastoma?

A

13 mm

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5
Q

How big is an adult Habronema spp.?

A

22-25 mm

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6
Q

Draschia megastoma and Habronema spp. have _________ eggs.

A

larvated: 40-55 Mm long, 8-16 Mm wide

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7
Q

Draschia megastoma and Habronema spp. have a/an _________ lifecycle.

A

Indirect

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8
Q

What are the intermediate hosts of Draschia megastoma and Habronema?

A

Musca spp. and Stomoxys calcitrans

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9
Q

Describe the lifecycle of nematodes Draschia megastoma and Habronema.

A
  1. Eggs hatch to L1 in feces
  2. Fly larva eat L1 in feces
  3. L1 molts to L2 inside fly
  4. Fly larva pupate in soil
  5. L2 molts to L3 inside pupae
  6. Fly with L3 hatches from pupae
  7. Horse ingests fly with L3
  8. Nematode larvae released in stomach
  9. Adult worms in stomach
  10. Pass eggs in feces
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10
Q

Where would you find adult Draschia megastoma and Habronema?

A

In the equine stomach. If L3 is in skin, it was the wrong place at the wrong time.

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11
Q

Which nematode parasite causes nodules in the stomach by the margo plicatus?

A

D. megastoma

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12
Q

Which nematode parasite can cause granular conjunctivitis?

A

Habronema

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13
Q

What is the margo plicatus?

A

Where the glandular mucosa and squamous mucosa of the stomach meet.

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14
Q

_______ cause gastritis and ________ cause summer sores. (Referring to D. megastoma, and Habronema spp.)

A

Adults cause gastritis and larva cause summer sores.

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15
Q

How do you diagnose D. megastoma and Habronema spp.?

A

Finding larvae in skin scrapings

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16
Q

What nematode parasite larva causes summer sores?

A

The larva of D. megastoma and Habronema spp.

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17
Q

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxoscaris leonina, and Parascaris equorum are all _________.

A

Ascarids

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18
Q

What is the infective stage of Parascaris equorum?

A

L2 in egg is infective

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19
Q

Parascaris equorum has a/an _________ lifecycle

A

Direct lifecycle

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20
Q

Ascarids infect _______ animals and have ______- shelled eggs.

A

YOUNG animals and have THICK shelled eggs

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21
Q

How large can a Parascaris equorum adult get?

A

30 cm

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22
Q

What is the size of Parascaris equorum eggs?

A

90 Mm

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23
Q

What is the PPP of Parascaris equorum?

A

10-12 weeks

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24
Q

What are the modes of transmission for Parascaris equorum?

A

Direct and Per Os ONLY.

25
Q

How does L2 in egg of Parascaris equorum travel through the body of the horse?

A

Hepatic Tracheal Migration

26
Q

Where would you find Parascaris equorum adults?

A

Small intestine

27
Q

If there is young horse that is displaying unthriftiness and is coughing, what is a likely parasite afflicting it?

A

Parascaris equorum

28
Q

In necropsy, what may you find in a Parascaris equorum infection?

A

A ruptured small intestine, perforation or obstruction in small intestine

29
Q

How is Parascaris equorum diagnosed?

A

Fecal float or modified McMaster for eggs.

30
Q

What is important to remember when treating Parascaris equorum infections?

A

Timing is important. Use antihelminthics and MCLs (resistant sometimes). Management of environment also important.

31
Q

What superfamily does Strongyloides westeri belong to?

A

Superfamily Rhabditoidea

32
Q

What is the common name for Strongyloides westeri?

A

Equine threadworm

33
Q

Name the infective stage for Strongyloides westeri.

A

L3 is infective for Strongyloides westeri

34
Q

Which parasite has a homogonic/heterogonic lifecycle?

A

Strongyloides westeri

35
Q

Describe Strongyloides westeri eggs.

A

30 x 40 Mm with L1 inside

36
Q

What is a dog/cat species of threadworm that is similar to Strongyloides westeri?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis affects dogs and cats. Strongyloides westeri affects equid species.

37
Q

In general, Strongyloides spp. affects ________ animals and has a ________ PPP.

A

YOUNG animals affected.

SHORT PPP.

38
Q

What does the Strongyloides westeri adult look like?

A

Slender, hair-like worm
SMALL, 1 cm
Long esophagus which is 1/3 its body length

39
Q

Describe the egg of Strongyloides westeri.

A

Thin- shelled
LARVATED with L1
30-40 Mm

40
Q

What equine parasite has an embryonated egg that can be recovered by fecal flotation, and is approximately 30 x 40 Mm in size?

A

Strongyloides westeri

41
Q

What is the PPP for Strongyloides westeri?

A

10=14 days

42
Q

Where do adult Strongyloides westeri lay embryonated eggs?

A

In the small intestine of the equine

43
Q

T or F: Strongyloides westeri L3 can penetrate the skin.

A

T

44
Q

What are the methods of transmission of Strongyloides westeri threadworm?

A

Per Os
Percutaneous
Transmammary (by day 4)

45
Q

Where do larva of Strongyloides westeri arrest themselves?

A

In somatic tissues

46
Q

A less than 5 month old horse is showing signs of urticaria (hives), “frenzy”, and diarrhea. Upon physical examination, you see erythrematous reactions on the skin surface. What parasite is most likely causing symptoms in this horse?

A

Strongyloides westeri

  • Larva- urticaria (hives)
  • Adult- diarrhea
47
Q

How is Strongyloides westeri diagnosed?

A

Fecal flotation to find eggs with L1, expect to see in horse under 5 months of age

48
Q

What is the common name of Oxyuris equi?

A

Large equine pinworm

49
Q

You recover a long, white nematode with a pointed tail, approximately 10 cm in length, from the rectum of a horse. Name that parasite.

A

Oxyuris equi

50
Q

You normally only see what sex of Oxyuris equi adult?

A

Female

51
Q

Describe Oxyuris equi eggs.

A

Brownish or clear in color, asymmetrical, larvated with a single operculum

52
Q

What is the PPP for Oxyuris equi?

A

4-5 months

53
Q

Where would you find Oxyuris equi adults?

A

Dorsal colon, large intestine

54
Q

The Oxyuris equi female migrates through the _______ to lay eggs around the _________.

A

migrates through the ANUS to lay eggs around the PERINEUM.

55
Q

When the female Oxyuris equi lays her eggs, what else is laid with them?

A

A gelatinous irritant

56
Q

What is the infective stage for Oxyuris equi?

A

L3 in egg

57
Q

You see a horse itching its anus. Upon closer inspection, you notice broken hairs at the tailhead. Which parasite is most likely causing these clinical signs?

A

Oxyuris equi

58
Q

How is Oxyuris equi treated?

A

With MCL’s (resistant sometimes)

59
Q

What are the dimensions of the Oxyuris equi egg? How are they recovered?

A

~45 x 90 Mm with terminal plug and one flatter side

Recovered by adhesive tape method

RUSVM Parasitology (5 decks)

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