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DI > Equine ms > Flashcards

Equine ms Flashcards

1
Q

What major groups can large animal diseases be classified into?

A
  • Acute inury
  • Chronic repetitive stress or trauma
  • Degenerative joint disease
  • Infection
  • Iatrogenic
  • Metabolic derangement
  • Rarely immune-mediated disorders
  • Very rarely neoplasia
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2
Q

T/F: Routine radiology is the standard for many orthopedic disorders

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What is radiology’s emphasis on?

A

Obtaining a correct diagnosis and following response of a therapy or treatment

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4
Q

The complexity of most equine joints require what 4 views?

A
  • Lateromedial
  • Dorsopalmar (plantar)
  • DMPLO
  • DLPMO
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5
Q

What view is this?

A

DLPMO

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6
Q

Which factors regarding radiology of an extremity in large animals are similar to small animals?

A

All of them!

(Safety, grid use, proper film/screen combos, holder equip, x-ray settings, etc.)

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7
Q

What should additionally be done when obtaining images of the distal extrimities in equines?

A

Remove the shoes, clean the lateral sulci and pack w/ a moldable material

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8
Q

What view is this?

A

DMPLO

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9
Q

What is the most commonly affected joint in horses with hindlimb lameness?

A

The tarsus

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10
Q

How can the lateral trochlear ridge be identified on radiographs?

A

By the large notch at its distal aspect

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11
Q

T/F: The medial trochlear ridge can have variable appearances

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Medial trochlear ridge

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13
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Lateral trochlear notch

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14
Q

T/F: Osteochondrosis of the tarsocrural joint is common, often unilateral

A

FALSE–it is common, but is often bilateral

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15
Q

Where is OCD located in the tarsocrural joint? What view is best for detection?

A

The cranial aspect of the intermediate ridge of the distal tibia–seen best on the DMPLO view

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16
Q

T/F: If a fragment is present (OCD), it can usually be seen on the lateromedial view

A

TRUE

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17
Q

What view is this?

A

Lateromedial

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18
Q

What view is this?

A

Dorsoplantar

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19
Q

What view is this?

A

DMPLO

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20
Q

What view is this?

A

DLPMO

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21
Q

What condition does this indicate?

A

Osteochondrosis (OCD)

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22
Q

T/F: The lateral trochlear ridge of the talus and the medial ridge (second most common) are also affected with osteochondrosis

A

FALSE–the lateral trochlear ridge of the talus is the second most common area for OCD

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23
Q

Where can fragments of the osteochondritis dessicans settle to in OCD?

A

Bottom of the joint

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24
Q

What is bone spavin?

A

Degenerative joint disease of the tarsus

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25
Q

What is the most common cause of lameness associated with the tarsus?

A

Bone spavin

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26
Q

Which joints are most frequently involved in bone spavin?

A

Distal intertasal and tarsometatarsal

27
Q

What is the most common finding in bone spavin?

A

Periarticular osteophyte formation

28
Q

What might advanced bone spavin have?

A

Subchondral bone lysis and narrowing of the joint space

29
Q

What can bone spavin progress to?

A

Sclerosis and eventual ankylosis

30
Q

T/F: The degree of changes in bone spavin does not often correlate well to clinical signs

A

TRUE

31
Q

What does this indicate?

A

Degenerative joint disease

32
Q

Disease?

A

Severe DJD

33
Q

T/F: The distal radius forms from 2 ossification centers–the distal radial and ulnar epiphysis (closes at 9 mo)

A

TRUE

34
Q

How many ossification centers can the accessory carpal bone have?

A

2–close between 5-7mo

35
Q

What’s wrong with this carpus?

A

NOTHING–the arrow is pointing to an area that hasn’t fused yet

36
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

What view is this?

A

Arrow is pointing to the 1st carpal bone

DMPLO view

37
Q

7 possible diseases of the carpus?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Carpal fractures
    1. Chip
    2. Slab
  3. Osteochondrosis
  4. Physitis
  5. Angular limb deformities
  6. Septic arthritis
  7. Osteoarthrosis
38
Q

What is wrong with this carpus?

A

Radial carpal bone chip fracture

39
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Osteoarthrosis (severe)

40
Q

Possible diseases of the metacarpal/-tarsal bones?

A
  • Splints–periosteal reaction and possible synostosis of metacarpal/tarsal bones
  • Bucked shins or metacarpal periostitis
  • Sequestrum
  • Trauma
41
Q

What is used to examine the tendons when suspecting disease of the metacarpal/tarsal bones?

A

Ultrasound

42
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Sequestrum

43
Q

T/F: In the proximal phalanx there are many vascular channels that radiate from the solar margin centrally

A

FALSE–in the distal phalanx

44
Q

Does the distal phalanx have a medullary cavity?

A

Nope

45
Q

What is the crena marginis solearis?

A

A smooth rounded concavity of the distal phalanx solar margin (more prominent in hind limb)

46
Q

What is wrong here?

A

NOTHING–this is normal

47
Q

Possible diseases of the phalanges?

A
  • Traumatic fractures
  • Tendon injury, deformity, or contracture
  • Infection
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Septic osteitis
  • DJD
  • Laminitis
  • Pedal osteitis
  • Side bone
  • Keratoma (rare)
48
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Club foot–palmar tendon deformity/contracture

49
Q

What are the characteristics of a septic coffin joint?

A
  • Increased synovial mass
  • Marked lysis of adjacent bone
  • Amorphous periosteal reaction
  • Soft tissue swelling
  • Subluxation
50
Q

Is anything wrong with this?

A

Moderate laminitis and rotation

51
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Severe laminitis, penetration of sole and rotation

52
Q

What are the 4 surfaces of the navicular bone?

A

Proximal, distal, articular, and flexor

53
Q

T/F: The articular surface of the navicular bone has a prominent central ridge–the central eminence

A

FALSE–the flexor surface has the central ridge

54
Q

What do the extremities of the navicular bone look like?

A

Spindle shaped and blunted

55
Q

The navicular bone has no more than ___ synovial invaginations (radiolucent) that are relatively triangular in shape

A

7

56
Q

What separation on the navicular bone should be detected?

A

A clear cortical medullary separation

57
Q

What is circled?

A

Navicular bone

58
Q

4 diseases of the navicular bone?

A
  • Navicular degeneration
  • Fractures
  • Navicular sepsis
  • DJD
59
Q

T/F: There is no universal agreement as to the clinical importance of all radiographic signs of navicular disease

A

TRUE

60
Q

What are all these signs indicative of?

A

Navicular disease

61
Q

What’s going on here?

A

Enthesophyte and navicular remodeling

62
Q

List allllllll the problems

A

Severe remodeling, irreglar distal surface, multiple irregular synovial invaginations, mineralization of ligaments (enthesophyte) of the navicular bone

63
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Navicular fracture

*Make sure line stops at navicular bone–could just be an artifact*

DI (17 decks)

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