Equine Medicine & Surgery Exam II Flashcards
What type of cell do you typically not find in equine blood?
Identify the RBC morphology.
What are some of the different equine blood types? Which are the most antigenic?
Describe the use of a direct Coombs test to check for an antiglobulins in equine blood (prior to a transfusions).
Describe the use of a indirect Coombs test to check for an antiglobulins in equine blood (prior to a transfusions).
What are some different causes of relative erythrocytosis in the horse?
What are some different causes of absolute erythrocytosis in the horse?
What are some causes of non-regenerative anemia in the horse?
What are some causes of regenerative anemia in the horse?
How can we differentiate between blood loss and hemolysis anemia in the horse?
What are some causes of acute blood loss in the horse?
How do we diagnose acute blood loss in the horse?
What is the normal blood volume in the horse?
What is the treatment for acute blood loss in the horse?
How do we screen for a blood donor selection in a horse?
What supplies to you need to collect blood from a donor horse?
How much blood do we transfuse in a horse? How do we monitor the patient during the transfusion?
List some toxic causes of hemolytic anemia in the horse.
List some infectious causes of hemolytic anemia in the horse.
List some immune mediated and non-immune mediated causes of hemolytic anemia in the horse.
What would you expect to see in the intravascular and extravascular peripheral blood sample of a horse with hemolytic anemia?
Describe the pathophysiology of toxic hemolytic anemia in the horse.
What are the clinical signs of toxic hemolytic anemia?
How do we diagnose toxic hemolytic anemia in the horse?
What is the treatment for toxic hemolytic anemia in the horse (RMLT)?
What is the prognosis for toxic hemolytic anemia in the horse (RMLT)?
List 4 primary causes of infectious hemolytic anemia in the horse.
Briefly describe EIA as a causative agent of infectious hemolytic anemia in the horse.
Briefly describe EVA as a causative agent of infectious hemolytic anemia in the horse.
Briefly describe piroplasmosis as a causative agent of infectious hemolytic anemia in the horse.
What is the distribution of equine viral arteritis?
How id equine viral arteritis pathological?
How is EVA spread? What are the risk factors and incubation time?
What are the clinical signs of EVA?
How do we diagnose EVA?
What is the treatment for EVA?
How do we prevent EVA?
Describe the distribution of piroplasmosis.
What is the causative agent of anaplasmosis in the horse?
How is anaplasmosis spread? What are the risk factors and incubation time?
What are the clinical signs of equine anaplasmosis?
Describe the clinical pathology of equine anaplasmosis.
How do we diagnose equine anaplasmosis?
How do we treat equine anaplasmosis?
What are two primary infectious causes of hemolytic anemia in the horse?
What is the etiological agent of pigeon fever?
Describe the epidemiology of pigeon fever.
Describe external abscesses as a potential clinical presentation of equine pigeon fever.
Describe an internal infection as a potential clinical presentation of equine pigeon fever.
Describe ulcerative lymphangitis as a potential clinical presentation of equine pigeon fever.
How do we diagnose pigeon fever in the horse?
How do we treat pigeon fever (external abscesses)?
How do we treat pigeon fever (internal infection)?
How do we treat pigeon fever (ulcerative lymphangitis)?
How do we prevent pigeon fever?
What are the clinical signs of primary hemostasis?
What are the clinical signs of secondary hemostasis?
How do we diagnose primary hemostasis?
How do we diagnose secondary hemostasis?
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
What are some general causes of DIC?
What are the clinical signs of DIC?
How do we diagnose DIC?
How do we treat DIC?
List the different types of immune deficiencies.
What is failure of passive transfer?
What are the 3 Q’s of colostrum?
What are some foal factors that contribute to failure of passive transfer?
What are some mare factors that contribute to failure of passive transfer?
How do we test foals for FPT?
What is severe combined immunodeficiency?
What are the causes and clinical signs of serve combined immunodeficiency?
How do we diagnose SCID?
What is the treatment, prognosis, and prevention for SCID?
What is a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
What is a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
What is a type III hypersensitivity reaction?
What is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
What is the cause of anaphylaxis? Briefly describe the pathophysiology.
What are the clinical signs of anaphylaxis in the horse?
How do we diagnose anaphylaxis?
How do we treat anaphylaxis (urticaria)?
How do we treat anaphylaxis (respiratory distress)?
How do we treat anaphylaxis (CV collapse and hypotension)?
What is the prognosis for anaphylaxis?
How do we prevent anaphylaxis?
Describe the pathophysiology of immune mediated hemolytic anemia.
What are the clinical signs of immune mediated hemolytic anemia?
How do we diagnose immune mediated hemolytic anemia?
What is the treatment for immune mediated hemolytic anemia?
What is the prognosis for immune mediated hemolytic anemia?
Describe the pathophysiology of immune mediated thrombocytopenia.
What are the clinical signs of immune mediated thrombocytopenia?
How do we diagnose immune mediated thrombocytopenia?
What is the treatment for immune mediated thrombocytopenia?
What is the prognosis for immune mediated thrombocytopenia?
What is the cause of neonatal isoerythrolysis?
What are the 3 conditions that must be met for neonatal isoerythrolysis to occur?
Describe the incidence, risk, and antigenicity of neonatal isoerythrolysis erythrolysis.
What are the clinical signs of neonatal isoerythrolysis?
How do we diagnose neonatal isoerythrolysis?
How do we treat foals > 24 hrs that have neonatal isoerythrolysis?
How do we treat foals < 24 hrs that have neonatal isoerythrolysis?
What are some potential complications to NI treatment?
What is the prognosis for NI?
How can we prevent NI via the mare?
How can we prevent NI via the foal?
How do we run a jaundiced foal agglutination test?
Describe the indicance of equine lymphoma.
What are the clinical signs of lymphoma in the horse?
How do we diagnose lymphoma?
What should you do prior to treating a horse with lymphoma?
How do we treat lymphoma?
Describe corticosteroids as an immunosuppressive drug we use in equine medicine.
Describe cytotoxic drugs (azathioprine & cyclophosphamide) as an immunosuppressive drug we use in equine medicine.
Why do we use immunostimulants in the horse?
Describe mycobacterial products as an immunostimulant that we use in equine medicine.
Describe Proprionibacterium acnes (killed) as an immunostimulant that we use in equine medicine.
Describe allergen hyposensitization as an immunomodulation technique.
