Equine Medicine & Surgery Exam II

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What type of cell do you typically not find in equine blood?

Answer 2

Question 3

Identify the RBC morphology.

Answer 3

Question 4

What are some of the different equine blood types? Which are the most antigenic?

Answer 4

Question 5

Describe the use of a direct Coombs test to check for an antiglobulins in equine blood (prior to a transfusions).

Answer 5

Question 6

Describe the use of a indirect Coombs test to check for an antiglobulins in equine blood (prior to a transfusions).

Answer 6

Question 7

What are some different causes of relative erythrocytosis in the horse?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are some different causes of absolute erythrocytosis in the horse?

Answer 8

Question 9

What are some causes of non-regenerative anemia in the horse?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are some causes of regenerative anemia in the horse?

Answer 10

Question 11

How can we differentiate between blood loss and hemolysis anemia in the horse?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are some causes of acute blood loss in the horse?

Answer 12

Question 13

How do we diagnose acute blood loss in the horse?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the normal blood volume in the horse?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the treatment for acute blood loss in the horse?

Answer 15

Question 16

How do we screen for a blood donor selection in a horse?

Answer 16

Question 17

What supplies to you need to collect blood from a donor horse?

Answer 17

Question 18

How much blood do we transfuse in a horse? How do we monitor the patient during the transfusion?

Answer 18

Question 19

List some toxic causes of hemolytic anemia in the horse.

Answer 19

Question 20

List some infectious causes of hemolytic anemia in the horse.

Answer 20

Question 21

List some immune mediated and non-immune mediated causes of hemolytic anemia in the horse.

Answer 21

Question 22

What would you expect to see in the intravascular and extravascular peripheral blood sample of a horse with hemolytic anemia?

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the pathophysiology of toxic hemolytic anemia in the horse.

Answer 23

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of toxic hemolytic anemia?

Answer 24

Question 25

How do we diagnose toxic hemolytic anemia in the horse?

Answer 25

Question 26

What is the treatment for toxic hemolytic anemia in the horse (RMLT)?

Answer 26

Question 27

What is the prognosis for toxic hemolytic anemia in the horse (RMLT)?

Answer 27

Question 28

List 4 primary causes of infectious hemolytic anemia in the horse.

Answer 28

Question 29

Briefly describe EIA as a causative agent of infectious hemolytic anemia in the horse.

Answer 29

Question 30

Briefly describe EVA as a causative agent of infectious hemolytic anemia in the horse.

Answer 30

Question 31

Briefly describe piroplasmosis as a causative agent of infectious hemolytic anemia in the horse.

Answer 31

Question 32

What is the distribution of equine viral arteritis?

Answer 32

Question 33

How id equine viral arteritis pathological?

Answer 33

Question 34

How is EVA spread? What are the risk factors and incubation time?

Answer 34

Question 35

What are the clinical signs of EVA?

Answer 35

Question 36

How do we diagnose EVA?

Answer 36

Question 37

What is the treatment for EVA?

Answer 37

Question 38

How do we prevent EVA?

Answer 38

Question 39

Describe the distribution of piroplasmosis.

Answer 39

Question 40

What is the causative agent of anaplasmosis in the horse?

Answer 40

Question 41

How is anaplasmosis spread? What are the risk factors and incubation time?

Answer 41

Question 42

What are the clinical signs of equine anaplasmosis?

Answer 42

Question 43

Describe the clinical pathology of equine anaplasmosis.

Answer 43

Question 44

How do we diagnose equine anaplasmosis?

Answer 44

Question 45

How do we treat equine anaplasmosis?

Answer 45

Question 46

What are two primary infectious causes of hemolytic anemia in the horse?

Answer 46

Question 47

What is the etiological agent of pigeon fever?

Answer 47

Question 48

Describe the epidemiology of pigeon fever.

Answer 48

Question 49

Describe external abscesses as a potential clinical presentation of equine pigeon fever.

Answer 49

Question 50

Describe an internal infection as a potential clinical presentation of equine pigeon fever.

Answer 50

Question 51

Describe ulcerative lymphangitis as a potential clinical presentation of equine pigeon fever.

Answer 51

Question 52

How do we diagnose pigeon fever in the horse?

Answer 52

Question 53

How do we treat pigeon fever (external abscesses)?

Answer 53

Question 54

How do we treat pigeon fever (internal infection)?

Answer 54

Question 55

How do we treat pigeon fever (ulcerative lymphangitis)?

Answer 55

Question 56

How do we prevent pigeon fever?

Answer 56

Question 57

What are the clinical signs of primary hemostasis?

Answer 57

Question 58

What are the clinical signs of secondary hemostasis?

Answer 58

Question 59

How do we diagnose primary hemostasis?

Answer 59

Question 60

How do we diagnose secondary hemostasis?

Answer 60

Question 61

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Answer 61

Question 62

What are some general causes of DIC?

Answer 62

Question 63

What are the clinical signs of DIC?

Answer 63

Question 64

How do we diagnose DIC?

Answer 64

Question 65

How do we treat DIC?

Answer 65

Question 66

Answer 66

Question 67

List the different types of immune deficiencies.

Answer 67

Question 68

What is failure of passive transfer?

Answer 68

Question 69

What are the 3 Q’s of colostrum?

Answer 69

Question 70

What are some foal factors that contribute to failure of passive transfer?

Answer 70

Question 71

What are some mare factors that contribute to failure of passive transfer?

Answer 71

Question 72

How do we test foals for FPT?

Answer 72

Question 73

What is severe combined immunodeficiency?

Answer 73

Question 74

What are the causes and clinical signs of serve combined immunodeficiency?

Answer 74

Question 75

How do we diagnose SCID?

Answer 75

Question 76

What is the treatment, prognosis, and prevention for SCID?

Answer 76

Question 77

What is a type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 77

Question 78

What is a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 78

Question 79

What is a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 79

Question 80

What is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 80

Question 81

What is the cause of anaphylaxis? Briefly describe the pathophysiology.

Answer 81

Question 82

What are the clinical signs of anaphylaxis in the horse?

Answer 82

Question 83

How do we diagnose anaphylaxis?

Answer 83

Question 84

How do we treat anaphylaxis (urticaria)?

Answer 84

Question 85

How do we treat anaphylaxis (respiratory distress)?

Answer 85

Question 86

How do we treat anaphylaxis (CV collapse and hypotension)?

Answer 86

Question 87

What is the prognosis for anaphylaxis?

Answer 87

Question 88

How do we prevent anaphylaxis?

Answer 88

Question 89

Describe the pathophysiology of immune mediated hemolytic anemia.

Answer 89

Question 90

What are the clinical signs of immune mediated hemolytic anemia?

Answer 90

Question 91

How do we diagnose immune mediated hemolytic anemia?

Answer 91

Question 92

What is the treatment for immune mediated hemolytic anemia?

Answer 92

Question 93

What is the prognosis for immune mediated hemolytic anemia?

Answer 93

Question 94

Describe the pathophysiology of immune mediated thrombocytopenia.

Answer 94

Question 95

What are the clinical signs of immune mediated thrombocytopenia?

Answer 95

Question 96

How do we diagnose immune mediated thrombocytopenia?

Answer 96

Question 97

What is the treatment for immune mediated thrombocytopenia?

Answer 97

Question 98

What is the prognosis for immune mediated thrombocytopenia?

Answer 98

Question 99

What is the cause of neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 99

Question 100

What are the 3 conditions that must be met for neonatal isoerythrolysis to occur?

Answer 100

Question 101

Describe the incidence, risk, and antigenicity of neonatal isoerythrolysis erythrolysis.

Answer 101

Question 102

What are the clinical signs of neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 102

Question 103

How do we diagnose neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 103

Question 104

How do we treat foals > 24 hrs that have neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 104

Question 105

How do we treat foals < 24 hrs that have neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 105

Question 106

What are some potential complications to NI treatment?

Answer 106

Question 107

What is the prognosis for NI?

Answer 107

Question 108

How can we prevent NI via the mare?

Answer 108

Question 109

How can we prevent NI via the foal?

Answer 109

Question 110

How do we run a jaundiced foal agglutination test?

Answer 110

Question 111

Describe the indicance of equine lymphoma.

Answer 111

Question 112

What are the clinical signs of lymphoma in the horse?

Answer 112

Question 113

How do we diagnose lymphoma?

Answer 113

Question 114

What should you do prior to treating a horse with lymphoma?

Answer 114

Question 115

How do we treat lymphoma?

Answer 115

Question 116

Describe corticosteroids as an immunosuppressive drug we use in equine medicine.

Answer 116

Question 117

Describe cytotoxic drugs (azathioprine & cyclophosphamide) as an immunosuppressive drug we use in equine medicine.

Answer 117

Question 118

Why do we use immunostimulants in the horse?

Answer 118

Question 119

Describe mycobacterial products as an immunostimulant that we use in equine medicine.

Answer 119

Question 120

Describe Proprionibacterium acnes (killed) as an immunostimulant that we use in equine medicine.

Answer 120

Question 121

Describe allergen hyposensitization as an immunomodulation technique.

Answer 121