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749 - Ex 2 > Equine Lameness - Hendrickson > Flashcards

Equine Lameness - Hendrickson Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main types of lameness?

A
  1. Painful
  2. Mechanical
  3. Neurological
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2
Q

______ Lameness occurs when there is a change in the gait that is not assoc’d with pain. In most cases, there is some type of _____ obstruction to normal movement. The most common types of _____ lameness in the horse are:

  1. _______
  2. ______
  3. _______
A

Mechanical x 3

  1. Fibrotic or Ossifying Myopathy
  2. Stinghalt
  3. Upward fixation of the patella (Locking Patella)
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3
Q

What is Fibrotic or Ossifying Myopathy? What are the most common mm groups involved?

A

It occurs when there is trauma to the muscle that causes fibrosis as the muscle heals. This fibrotic area has less elastic and thereby causes a “functional” shortening.

This shortening acts a tetch that causes the leg to come to a “stop” as it is moved –> foot slaps the ground

Most common mm groups = semimembranosus/tendinosis

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4
Q

What is Stringhalt?

A

Thought to be a neuro disorder

The leg is aggressively pulled up towards the abdomen as the leg moves forward

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5
Q

What is Upward Fixation of the Patella?

A

Medial patellar ligament gets caught over the medial trochlear ridge

The leg is “locked’ into extension and they are unable to flex the leg and bring it forward

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6
Q

Most common causes of lameness in horses under 3 years old?

A

Septic Arthritis

Osteochondrosis

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7
Q

Most common causes of lameness in horses over 3 years of age?

A

Traumatic arthritis

Traumatic tendinopathies

Etc

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8
Q

Breed-related Lameness - Thoroughbred

A

Carpal and fetlock osteochondral (chip) fractures

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9
Q

Breed-related Lameness - Warmblood

A

Osteochondrosis

Tendon injuries

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10
Q

Breed-related Lameness - Quarterhorses

A

Stifle cysts

Osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal jts

Navicular dz

Pastern arthritis

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11
Q

Breed-related Lameness - Paso Fino or Peruvian Paso

A

Degenerative suspensory ligament (Desmitis)

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12
Q

Job-related Lameness - Race horses

A

Carpal and Fetlock chips

SDF tendinopathy

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13
Q

Job-related Lameness - Rodeo horses

A

Pastern OA

Hock OA

Navicular dz

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14
Q

Job-related Lameness - Jumping horses

A

Suspensory ligament desmotomy

Flexor tendinopathies

Fetlock chips

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15
Q

Trot

A

Diagonal limbs move together

LF/RH move cranial at the same time

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16
Q

Pace

A

Ipsilateral gate

17
Q

Head movement… ____ on sound, ____ on lame

forelimbs

A

DOWN on sound

UP on lame

18
Q

Flexion tests should be performed starting _____ and move _____. Also, be sure to start with the “normal” limb to establish a baseline

A

Distally

Upwards

19
Q

Name 5 Peri-Neural Blocks

A
  1. Palmar/Plantar digital n block
  2. Pastern Ring
  3. Basi-sesamoid
  4. Abaxial sesamoid
  5. Low 4/6 pt block
20
Q

Area Desensitized - Palmar/Plantar digital n block

A

In general, palmar/plantar 1/3 to 1/2 of the foot and most of the sole

21
Q

Area Desensitized - Pastern Ring

A

Dorsal branches of Digital nn, terminal branches of the M and L Palmar MC/Plantar MT nn

When combined w/Palmar/Plantar digital nn block –> entire foot is desensitized

22
Q

Area Desensitized - Basi-sesamoid

A

All 3 phalanges, proximal and corium of the sole, extensor branch of suspensory ligament, distal sesamoidean ligaments, digital extensor tendon and DDF tendon

23
Q

Area Desensitized - Abaxial Sesamoid

A

All three phalanges, some of the palmar/plantar aspect of the fetlock joint,proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, lamellar corium and corium of the sole, dorsal branches of the suspensory and distal sesamoidean ligaments, digital extensor tendon and flexor tendons.

24
Q

Low 4/6 Point Block

4 - fore
6 - hind

A

Deep structures of the fetlock, tendon sheath, all three phalanges, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, lamellar corium and corium of the sole, dorsal branches of the suspensory and distal sesamoidean ligaments, digital extensor tendon and flexor tendons.

25
Q

Thoracic Limb Lameness:

  1. Head moves ___ from neutral when lame leg hits the ground
  2. Body rolls ___ from lame leg
  3. Affected shoulder area “____ or ____” when lame leg hits the ground
A

Up

Away

Fixes or props

26
Q

Hindlimb Lameness:

  1. Increased vertical displacement of the tuber coxae of the lame leg - “____ ___”
  2. Leg swings in or out to allow advancing of lame hindlimb
  3. If hock is lame, the leg swings ___ and stabs ____
  4. If stifle is lame, the leg swings ____ and stabs ___
  5. Decreased fetlock excursion on lame leg
  6. Head moves ___ from neutral when lame leg hits the ground
A

Hip Hike

in, out

out, in

Down

749 - Ex 2 (14 decks)

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