Equine Industry Flashcards by Nathan Rayner

What are the three main horse enterprises? What Genus are horses under?

Breeding, Training, and Boarding stables
Genus Equus

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What are the 5 most popular horse breeds?

Thoroughbred, Standardbred, Appaloosa, Arabian, Quarterhorse

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How many horses are in the world?
In US?
In Mexico?
In China?

Over 58 million
10.2 million USA
6.3 million Mexico
4.1 million China

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How many horses are in Texas?
In California?

767,100 Texas
534,500 California

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What uses are Light Horses typically employed for?

Shows, Racing, Riding, Exhibition

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The American Quarterhorse was originally used for what purpose?
What do they specialize in?
What are 4 of their strengths?

Racing down open areas down main street in towns
Distance no greater than 1/4 mile
Can run 1/4 mile faster than any other breed
Fast starters, great at turning, great at stopping, great speeds at short distances

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List two American Quarterhorse races

All American Futurity and Derby
Ruidoso Downs

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What are the two types of Quarterhorse? Describe each

Racing type - infusion of thoroughbred breed
Working type - used for working cattle and pleasure riding

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How did the American Saddlebred horse originate?

Traced back to stallion Denmark foaled in 1839
Developed in southern plantation states

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What are the two gait types of the American Saddlebred?

3 gait - walk, trot, canter
5 gait - slow gait, rack

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What horse breed was founded by the stallion Denmark, foaled in 1839, and further developed in the southern plantation states?

American Saddlebred

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What horse breed can be either 3 gaited (walk, trot, canter) or 5 gaited (slow gait, rack)?

American Saddlebred

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Arabian horses are known as what?
What are 3 of their qualities?

“Easy Keepers”
Maintain good condition on low levels of grain and pasture
Gentle disposition
Sometimes prefers human companionship

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What horse breed are known as “Easy Keepers” due to their gentle disposition and easy maintenance on low levels of grain and pasture?

Arabian

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The Morgan horse breed descends from what founding stallion?

Justin Morgan the racing horse that never lost a race

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The Morab horse breed is a cross between which two breeds? Where was it developed?

Morgan x Arabian
Developed in California

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What horse breed is a cross between Morgan and Arabian, developed in California?

Morab

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What horse breed is known for its fox trot gait, where the hind foot strikes the ground just ahead of the diagonal front foot?

Missouri Fox Trotter

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The Missouri Fox Trotter horse is known for what distinctive gait?

Fox Trot gait, where hind foot strikes the ground just ahead of the diagonal front foot

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The Peruvian Paso is known for what kind of gait? It’s known as the _________ riding horse in the world. What are two common uses?

Broken gait, where legs on the same side move together but the hind foot strikes the ground just before the front foot, a 4-beat gait.
Known as the smoothest riding horse in the world. Used for working cattle and parades.

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What horse breed is known for its broken, 4-beat gait, known as the smoothest riding horse in the world? Commonly used for working cattle and parades.

Peruvian Paso

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The Standardbred horse is a cross between what? What are the two types of Standardbred? What times are required for the Standard registry? What is a common use for them?

Cross btwn stallion Messenger and native mares
Trotter - non gaited
Pacer - gaited
2 min 30s mile for a Trot, 2 mins 35s mile for a pace
Harness racing

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What horse breed is a cross between the stallion Messenger and native mares?

Standardbred

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What horse breed has two gaits, Trotter and Pacer, requiring 2m30s mile for a trot and 2m35s mile for a pace to enter into the Registry? Often used for harness racing.

Standardbred

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The Tennessee Walking Horse is also known as what? What are two characteristics of the breed?

"Gentlemen of Equines" -Gentle disposition -Gliding sensation when riding

What horse breed is known as the "Gentlemen of Equines", sporting a gentle disposition and a gliding sensation when being ridden?

Tennessee Walking Horse

The thoroughbred horse originated where? How many foundation sites are there? Why are there few early breeding records?

Originated in England Three foundation sites Few records because horses were not named until proving outstanding ability

Thoroughbred horses had their first stud book published when, by whom? Who published the American Stud book? Who took it over? What does the American Stud book hold?

1791 by Weatherby Col. Sanders D. Bruce Took over by Jockey club Holds the identify of every thoroughbred that competes or bred Holds over 1.8 million horses dating back to the late 1800s

What are Thoroughbreds known for? List a physical characteristic. What are they used for? List three races they compete in

Known for refined conformation Long, straight, well muscled legs Used for polo, mounts, and hunters Kentucky Derby, Belmont Stakes, Preakness

What horse breed is known for refined conformation, with long, straight, well muscled legs?

Thoroughbred

What horse breed is used for polo, as mounts, and by hunters, competing in races like the Kentucky Derby, Belmont Stakes, and Preakness?

Thoroughbred

What horse breed is known as the Purebred Spanish Horse?

Andalusian

Andalusian horses are also known as what?

The Purebred Spanish Horse

What is required of Draft Horses? How is their disposition? What were they used for in medieval times?

Power to pull heavy loads Calm and gentle giants War Horses of medieval times

The American Cream draft horse originated where, from what mare? What is unusual about her? List four physical characterisitics

Originated in Iowa, from Old Granny Unusual for a mare to have such strong lineage White mane and tail, amber eyes, pink skin, rich cream hair

What Draft Horse breed originated in Iowa from mare Old Granny?

American Cream

What Draft Horse breed is known for its white mane and tail, amber eyes, pink skin, and rich cream colored hair?

American Cream

The Belgian Draft horse has what physical characteristics?

Lowest set and most massive of draft horses

What is the lowest set and most massive draft horse?

Belgian

The Clydesdale is known for what? What is one of the criteria Clydesdales are judges on?

Known for massive size, distinctive coloring, and feathering on its legs. Judged on feet lifted clearly off the ground "high stepping"

What draft horse is known for its massive size, distinctive coloring, and feathered legs? Judged partially on their "High stepping"

Clydesdale

The Percheron draft horse has blood from which two breeds?

Flemish and Arabian

Which draft horse has blood from Flemish and Arabian horses?

Percheron

The Shire is known at the ______ draft horse

Tallest

What draft horse is the tallest?

Shire

The Suffolk draft horse is the _______ of draft horses, known for what quality?

Smallest draft horse, Known for a desire to please its master, possessing "Heart"

What draft horse is the smallest, known for a desire to please and possessing "Heart"?

Suffolk

Appaloosa horses are defined by which 3 characteristics? List 6 coat patterns of Appaloosas

Mottled or parti-colored skin White sclera Stripes hooves Blanket, blanket with spots, spots, roan, roan blanket with spots, or solid

What horse breed is known for Mottled or parti-colored skin, white sclera, and striped hooves?

Appaloosa

Paint horses must have parents registered with which organizations? What are their physical characteristics?

American Paint Horse Assoc., AQHA, Jockey Club Stockier and more powerfully muscled than light breeds

What horse breed must have registered parents, and are stockier and more powerfully muscled than light breeds?

Paint horse

Pinto horses have what physical characteristics? What is a piebald? What are glass eyes?

Patches of white and any other color Piebald - B&W Glass eyes - milky or white in appearance

What horse breed can be any breed but must have patches of white? What is a black and white appearance called?

Pinto horse Piebald

Palomino horses have what physical characteristics?

Variations from cream, yellow, gold, or copper coat with a white mane and tail

What horses can have cream, yellow, gold, or copper coats with a white mane and tail?

Palomino

Describe pony breeds (4 entries)

Smallest horse breeds 14.2 hands and under Heavy bodies Draft horses for loads and carts

Connemara is the ________ of Pony breeds

Largest

What is the largest Pony breed?

Connemara

Pony of the Americas was founded by what stallion? What was he a mix of? What breeds influence the PotA? (6 breeds)

Black Hand, from Appaloosa mare and Shetland Stallion Influenced by Arab, Thoroughbred, Quarterhorse, Appaloosa, Welsh Pony, and Shetland Pony

What pony breed was founded by Black Hand, with influences from Arab, Thoroughbred, Quarterhorse, Appaloosa, Welsh Pony, and Shetland Pony breeds?

Pony of the Americas

Shetland Pony was used for what purpose? What quality does it have?

Imported to US to work in coal mines Strongest equid relative to size

What is the strongest Equid relative to its size, imported to the US to work in coal mines?

Shetland Pony

Welsh Ponies are known for what qualities? What are they used for? What colors can they be?

Rugged and agile Riding horses for children They can be any color except piebald or skewbald

What pony breed is rugged and agile, used as riding horses for children?

Welsh Pony

The miniature horse has a max height of what? What breeds are they replicas of?

Max height 8.2 hands Replica of Quarterhorse, Arab, Thoroughbred, and Draft horses

What pony breed has a max height of 8.2 hands?

Miniature Horse

What are the three Sport Horse types?

Warmbloods - Middleweight horses bred for sport Coldbloods - Draft horses Hot bloods - Light Breeds

What sport horse breed is used as war horses, and olympic horses?

Hanoverian

The Hanoverian sport horse breed is used for what two purposes?

War horses and Olympic horses

The Holsteiner sport horse is the ________ breed of warmbloods

Oldest breed

What is the oldest breed of warmblooded sport horses?

Holsteiner

the Trakehner sport horse comes from which breeds?

Thoroughbred and Arabian added to Prussian native horses

What sport horse breed comes from Thoroughbred and Arabian horses added to Prussian native horses?

Trakehner

What are male and female Donkeys called? Why are Donkeys used?

Jack and Jenny Less subject to lameness and injury

Mule comes from which parents? What is interesting about them? What state has the mule as its state animal?

Male donkey x female mare Usually sterile Missouri state animal

What is the state animal of Missouri? They are usually sterile.

Mule

In horses, teasing is a technique used to check for what? How is it performed?

Check for true estrus Teaser male (shetland stallion or cryptorchid) Female observed for frequent urination or restlessness

When does most foaling occur? What does gravid mean? When is the official birthday of all thoroughbreds? Why? How old to race?

Foaling occurs at night Gravid = pregnant Birthday Jan 1st to keep track of bloodlines. Must be 2 years old to race.

List 8 signs of impending parturition in horses (4 physical, 4 behavioral)

Make bag Waxing Swelling and relaxation of vulva Separation from other horses Bad temperament Pinning ears back Kicking Frequent Urination

List eight concerns for post foaling

-Watch for crampy mares (thrashing or rolling) -Remove foal if mare is crampy -Tie up the placenta if it isn't being released -Check released placenta for holes -Dip foal's navel with iodine -Ensure meconium passes within 12 hours -If meconium doesnt pass, give foal a gentle enema with warm water and mild soap -Ensure foal drinks colostrum

When does a mare have highest nutritional demand?

1st three months of lactation

How should you alter feed for working horses?

Grains to roughage ratio increases with work

What pasture should horses graze on? (4 types)

Orchardgrass, Reed grass, Canary grass, Alfalfa

What hay should horses have?

Alfalfa, Timothy, Oat

What concentrates should horses have?

Oats, Barley, Corn - oats are best because they are bulky and help with bloating

Should you feed horses on the ground? Why?

No. Prevents "Sand Colic"

Why should you check a horses teeth?

To see if they need floating (filing off the edges)

What do horses need to be provided regularly? What should you supposedly prevent a hot horse from accessing? Why?

Regular exercise. Prevent hot horse access to water - said to cause founder.

What are three signs of a crampy mare?

Pawing, kicking at side, lying down

What is cribbing?

Bored horses will grab wood with their teeth, pull hard and suck in air