Equine Herpesvirus

Question 1

Equine herpesvirus is also known as __________, or _____ for short

Answer 1

Rhinopnemonitis; “rhino”

Question 2

There are ____ subtypes of the equine herpesvirus (EHV), ____ in horses and ____ in donkeys

Answer 2

8; 5; 3

Question 3

Types 1 and 4 of EHV are the __________, type 3 causes a _______ disease, and types 2 and 5 are _____________ but _____________.

Answer 3

Most common; veneral; commonly found in horses; rarely cause disease

Question 4

EHV-4 causes __________ disease predominantly

Answer 4

Respiratory

Question 5

EHV-4 can effect all horses, but mainly is found in…

Answer 5

• foals 4-8 months (after weaning, which is stressful)
• young performance horses (training barns)
• show horses

Question 6

EHV-1 can cause ______, _________, and _________ diseases.

Answer 6

Reproductive; respiratory; neurological

Question 7

EHV-1 sits latent within the body’s __________ and _________, and is activated by _______

Answer 7

White blood cells; lymph nodes; stress

Question 8

EHV-1 is the leading cause of _______________ worldwide

Answer 8

Infectious abortion
(#1 cause of late term abortions, and if foals are born alive they often need to be euthanized)

Question 9

EHV-1 (neurological form) is also known as…

Answer 9

Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy

Question 10

EHV-1 (neurological form) is caused by a __________ in the DNA polymerase

Answer 10

Single point mutation

Question 11

Of bodily fluids, _________ has the highest viral count regarding the flu virus

Answer 11

Nasal discharge

Question 12

The EHV virus is present in ______ droplets and ________ from the lungs, but can also be found in the ________ and _______

Answer 12

Mucus; expectorate; feces; blood

Question 13

Horses can become infected with EHV through contact with ________ and ______, and __________ or ________ of infected material

Answer 13

Humans; 4-leggeds; inhalation; ingestion

Question 14

Aborted _______ membranes, _________ fluid, and the _________ all contain the EHV virus

Answer 14

Fetal; placental; dead fetus

Question 15

The EHV virus lives approximately __________ without an infective agent, but a horse can be infectious for ________ after _________.

Answer 15

2 weeks; 3 weeks; symptoms resolve

Question 16

The EHV incubation period is ______ to _______ days

Answer 16

2 - 10

Question 17

An EHV fever is generally high between _____ and _____ °F, and lasts _____ to _____ days after onset of symptoms.

Answer 17

102-107°F; 2-7

Question 18

EHV nasal discharge starts out ______ but progressively gets __________

Answer 18

Thin and clear; thick and milky

Question 19

Clear nasal discharge is sign of _________, yellow/cloudy/green is a sign of ________, and the color ________ is a sign of a _______ infection

Answer 19

Allergies, dust, or early infection; infection taking hold; orange; fungal

Question 20

EHV symptoms include _______, _______ heard in the breathing, swelling of the _______, loss of _______, extreme _______, and finally a ___________ state.

Answer 20

Coughing; congestion; eyelids; appetite; lethargy; coma-like

Question 21

EHV may cause ______ and _______ which will last for _______ weeks. Signs will increase with __________.

Answer 21

Coughing; nasal discharge; 1-3 weeks; vigorous exercise;

Question 22

EHV can occur in __________ month intervals, though symptoms will _______ in severity. Foals with EHV may develop _______.

Answer 22

4-5; decrease; secondary pneumonia

Question 23

EHV can cause “___________”, which can occur with no warning and often happen in the ______ trimester. This can occur __________ after young horses have been sick

Answer 23

Abortion storms; last; several weeks to several months

Question 24

EHV treatment includes…

Answer 24

• isolate
• rest
• anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS, banamine)
• antibiotics to treat secondary infections

Question 25

Horses should be given EHV vaccinations at least _________, but high risk horses should be vaccinated every ________.

Answer 25

Once a year; 6 months

Question 26

Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with the ______ EHV virus in the _______ months of gestation.

Answer 26

Killed; 5th, 7th, 9th