Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine Diseases > Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) > Flashcards

Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) Flashcards

1
Q

Equine Herpes Virus is found where?

A

In most horses worldwide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many strains of EHV are there?

A

Nine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three strains of EHV that can cause the most serious health risks?

A
  1. EHV 1
  2. EHV 3
  3. EHV 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does EHV 1 cause?

A
  • Respiratory disease
  • Abortion
  • Neurologic disease
  • Neonatal death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does EHV 3 cause?

A

Coital exanthema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is coital exanthema?

A

A veneral disease that is generalized in the genital area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T or F: Coital exanthema is a condition the horse will have for life.

A

False: Horses will fully recover from coital exanthema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does EHV 4 cause in young horses?

A

It causes non-fatal upper respiratory infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What else does EHV 4 cause?

A
  • Occasionally abortions

- Rarely neurologic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two most common strains of EHV?

A
  • EHV 1

- EHV 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the reservoir host for EHV?

A

Horses with clinical and subclinical infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

You come across a mare who has recently aborted a fetus and is showing neurologic signs, the vet suspects an EHV to be the cause of the mares problems, which of the common equine herpes virus’ do you think it might be?

A

EHV 1 because neurologic disease is rare with EHV 4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is EHV transmitted?

A
  • Direct horse to horse contact via the respiratory tract through nasal secretions
  • Airborne transmission
  • Contact with aborted tissues and fluids
  • Contact with contaminated fomites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some examples of fomites?

A
  • Hands or clothing
  • Equipment or tack
  • Grooming equipment
  • Trailers
  • Feed and water buckets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Under normal conditions EHV is estimated to be viable in the environment for how long?

A

7 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The virus is easily killed in the environment by most __________ and __________.

A

Disinfectants and detergents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F: EHV is not that contagious and only affects females.

A

False; EHV is very contagious and affects both sexes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the incubation period for EHV?

A

4 to 6 days but can be shorter or longer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The respiratory disease caused by EHV is known as equine ________ ______________.

A

Viral rhinopneumonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The respiratory disease is most commonly caused by which form of EHV?

A

EHV 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The respiratory disease commonly affects _______ and ________.

A

Foals and weanlings

22
Q

_____ horses are more likely to transmit the infection without showing signs of disease.

A

Adult.

23
Q

Annual outbreaks of the respiratory disease may occur especially when horses are _________ ___________.

A

densely populated.

24
Q

A fever peaking on day or 2 and again on day 6 or 7 is termed what?

A

Biphasic fever

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of the respiratory form of EHV?

A
  • biphasic fever – peaking on day 1 or 2 and again on
    day 6 or 7
  • serous or mucoid nasal and ocular discharge
  • coughing (minimal – not continuous)
  • poor appetite
  • +/- enlarged submandibular lymph nodes
  • leukopenia
26
Q

What are signs of a secondary bacterial infection?

A
  • Higher fever, lasting more than 3 days
  • Mucopurulent naso-ocular discharges
  • Crackles
  • Productive cough
27
Q

Older horses usually experience ______ or _________ infections and may be _________ and transmitting the virus.

A

Mild or inapparent; shedding.

28
Q

The Abortigenic form of EHV is most commonly caused by what form of EHV?

A

EHV 1

29
Q

EHV 1 causes _____ _________ abortions in mares that have not been vaccinated.

A

late trimester

30
Q

Late trimester abortions occur in months ___ - ___.

A

9 - 11

31
Q

________ _______ occur on broodmare farms if vaccination and other preventative steps are not taken

A

Abortion storms

32
Q

What percent of pregnant mares can abort under these circumstances on a EHV outbreak on a broodmare farm?

A

Up to 50%

33
Q

The neurogenic form of EHV is also known as equine herpes _____________.

A

myeloencephalopathy

34
Q

The neurogenic form of EHV is almost always caused by which form of EHV?

A

EHV 1

35
Q

Why do neurologic signs occur?

A

As a result from damage to the blood vessels of the blood-brain barrier, blood clots, and damage to neurologic tissue

36
Q

Neurologic signs usually affect horses of what age?

A

Greater than 1 year old

37
Q

Neurologic signs include rear end paralysis, what is the medical term for this condition?

A

Posterior paresis

38
Q

What is the prognosis of the neurologic form of EHV?

A

Guarded

39
Q

How is this diagnosed?

A

Based on clinical signs and isolation of the virus

40
Q

What type of sample can be sent into a lab for detection of the virus?

A

A nasal swab or blood sample

41
Q

How is the virus detected?

A

By virus isolation or PCR assay

42
Q

What is the treatment protocol for the respiratory form of EHV?

A

Symptomatic treatment and supportive care

43
Q

What can be administered for the treatment of EHV 4 and what are each given for specifically?

A
  • Fluids –> severely dehydrated
  • Phenylbutazone –> fever
  • Antibiotics –>Evidence of secondary bacterial infections
44
Q

What types of vaccine are available for EHV?

A
  • Modified Live Vaccine

- Killed Vaccine –> Pneumobort-K vaccine

45
Q

When can the first dose of MLV be administered to foals?

A

At 3 to 4 months of age

46
Q

When is the first booster of MLV given to foals?

A

4 weeks after the initial vaccine

47
Q

When are boosters for the MLV given to foals?

A

Semi-annually (Every 6 months)

48
Q

How often are boosters recommended for high risk horses?

A

Every 4 months

49
Q

Modified live vaccine should not be given to ________ _________.

A

Pregnant mares

50
Q

When is Pneumobort-K vaccine to pregnant mares?

A

At 4, 7, and 9 months gestation

51
Q

Pneumobort-K vaccine is given to boost mares immunity before the _______ ________ when abortion can occur.

A

Last trimester

52
Q

What are some methods of prevention for EHV?

A
  • Isolation and segregation of horses by age groups and
    breeding status
  • Isolation of sick horses
  • Quarantine new arrivals – watch for signs of infectious
    disease i.e. fever
  • Do not breed positive horses unless using AI.

Equine Diseases (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions