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Parasitology > Equine flies (year 2) > Flashcards

Equine flies (year 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what do muscidae feed on?

A

secretions they can either be biting or non-biting

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2
Q

what defines a myiasis fly?

A

one that lays eggs on an animal and then their larvae invades/feeds on living or necrotic tissue

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3
Q

name the non-biting muscidae effecting horses

A

Hydrotaea irritans
Musca autumnalis
Musca domestica

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4
Q

describe the morphology of Hydrotaea irritans

A

5mm
sponge-like mouthparts (proboscis)
orange wing base
green abdomen

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5
Q

how many generations does Hydrotaea irritans have each year?

A

1 emergence in summer (July)

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6
Q

describe the lifecycle of Hydrotaea irritans

A

deposit eggs on pasture soil, theses develop to L1, L2 and L3 they then pupate and emerge as a fly

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7
Q

where is Hydrotaea irritans normally found?

A

it is exophillic and typically found on wooded pasture

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8
Q

when is Hydrotaea irritans most active?

A

overcast, warm and humid days in late summer

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9
Q

what is the hosts reaction to Hydrotaea irritans?

A

tail swishing and rapid head turn to dislodge flies

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10
Q

where on the host is Hydrotaea irritans found?

A

teats and eyes

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11
Q

where on the host is Musca autumnalis found?

A

eyes, muzzle and face

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12
Q

describe the lifecyle of Musca autumnalis

A

exophilic fly that develop in dung on pasture

there are usually a number of generations each year that build up in late summer and autumn

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13
Q

what diseases/parasites is Musca autumnalis a vector for?

A

infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

eye/stomach worms

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14
Q

describe the morphology of Musca autumnalis

A

striped thorax

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15
Q

where is Musca domestic found?

A

breeds and lives inside accommodation

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16
Q

what is the main biting muscidae?

A

Stomoxys calcitrans

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17
Q

where on the host does Stomoxys calcitrans feed?

A

legs and flanks

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18
Q

where is the breeding site of Stomoxys calcitrans?

A

inside barns/accommodation on urine soaked straw and organic matter

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19
Q

describe the lifecycle of Stomoxys calcitrans

A

eggs hatch - temperature dependant

L1, L2 and L3 form and then pupate then the fly hatches

20
Q

how long is the lifecycle of Stomoxys calcitrans in summer?

A

2-3 weeks

21
Q

where can adult Stomoxys calcitrans be found?

A

warm unexposed areas near building such as gate posts and machinery

22
Q

describe the morphology of Stomoxys calcitrans

A

8mm
long pointing proboscis flanked by small thin palps
large chestnut eyes

23
Q

what are the host responses to Stomoxys calcitrans?

A

stamping feet, gadding, shivering, rapid head turn, tail swishing

24
Q

what pathogens does Stomoxys calcitrans transmit?

A

equine infectious anaemia

25
Q

name the non-muscid biting flies

A

Cullicoides spp.
Tabanidae
Simulium

26
Q

what are the two genre of tabanidae and how are they identified?

A

tabanus - large clear wings

haematopota - mottled wings

27
Q

describe the morphology of tabanids

A

large irredescent eyes
10-25mm
stubby mouthparts

28
Q

what is the breeding sites for tabanids?

A

wet pasture, marshy land

29
Q

what time of year do tabanids emerge?

A

July/August

30
Q

what are tabanids mechanical vectors of?

A

equine infectious anaemia
trypanosomes
bovine anaplasmosis

31
Q

what are Culicoides spp. know as?

A

biting midges

32
Q

describe the morphology of Culicoides spp.

A

1-4mm
mottled wings
brown/black body

33
Q

describe the lifecycle of Culicoides spp.

A

dig a hole in host and feed on free blood, eggs are laid in damp organic matter

34
Q

how long does the lifecycle of Culicoides spp. take and how many generations are there per year?

A

less than 3 weeks

one-two generations a year

35
Q

when are Culicoides spp. most active?

A

duck and dawn - crepuscular

36
Q

what can Culicoides spp. bites cause in the UK?

A

sweet itch - seasonal recurrent allergic dermatitis
pruritis
saliva hypersensitivity
self inflected wounds

37
Q

what are Culicoides spp. a vector of?

A

arboviruses including African horse sickness, blue tongue and schmallenberg

38
Q

describe the morphology of Simulium spp.

A

2-5mm
brown/black stout body
humped thorax
clear wings

39
Q

where is the breeding site for Simulium spp.?

A

vegetation in fast flowing streams and rivers

40
Q

name the myiasis fly of horses

A

Gasterophilus spp.

41
Q

what are the three species of Gasterophilus?

A

Gasterophilus intestinalis
Gasterophilus nasalis
Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis

42
Q

describe the morphology of Gasterophilus spp.

A

20mm
Adults are hairy, orange/black
pointed abdomen
bright red larvae

43
Q

describe the lifecycle of Gasterophilus intestinalis

A

eggs laid late summer on inner forelegs, hocks, shoulders
larvae hatch and burrow into the tongue, moult to L2 and exit to the pharynx (takes 3-4 weeks)
they then cluster in oesphageal (cardiac) portion of stomach where they feed and moult to L3 and remain there until the Spring
passed in dung around June

44
Q

describe the lifecycle of Gasterophilus nasalis

A

eggs laid under jaw and burrow into space around teeth then they moult to L2 and move into the pyloric part of the stomach

45
Q

describe the lifecycle of Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis

A

eggs laid on lips then migrate into the mouth, moult and then move to the stomach and duodenum
they moult again and attach to the rectum

46
Q

describe the pathogenesis of Gasterophilus

A

not very pathogenic even though they cause large ulcers

worry for owners

Parasitology (9 decks)

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