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Parasitology > Endoparasites (year 2) > Flashcards

Endoparasites (year 2) Flashcards

1
Q

name the species of nematode found in the abomasum of sheep?

A

Teladorsagia circumcincta
Trichostrongylus axei
Haemonchus contortus

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2
Q

name the abomasal worms of sheep from largest to smallest

A 
Haemonchus contortus (largest)
Teladorsagia circumcincta
Trichostrongylus axei (smallest)
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3
Q

how large is Haemonchus contortus?

A

20-30mm (females larger)

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4
Q

what is Haemonchus contortus also known as?

A

barber pole worm

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5
Q

why is Haemonchus contortus known as the barber pole worm?

A

red gut wraps the white ovaries

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6
Q

what are the defining features of the male Haemonchus contortus?

A

dorsal lobe of bursa is small and asymetrical

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7
Q

what abomasal worms have cervical papillae?

A

Haemonchus contortus

Teladorsagia circumcincta

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8
Q

describe the cervical papillae of Haemonchus contortus

A

prominent

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9
Q

describe the cervical papillae of Teladorsagia circumcincta

A

tiny

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10
Q

which worms of the abomasum have vulva flaps?

A

Haemonchus contortus

Teladorsagia circumcincta

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11
Q

what is the defining feature of male Teladorsagia circumcincta?

A

bursa with short spicules

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12
Q

how long is Teladorsagia circumcincta?

A

10mm

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13
Q

what colour is Teladorsagia circumcincta?

A

pink/brown

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14
Q

how long is Trichostrongylus spp.?

A

5mm

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15
Q

what is a distinct feature of Trichostrongylus spp.?

A

excretory notch

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16
Q

what is the defining feature of male Trichostrongylus spp.?

A

short, stout, irregular spicules

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17
Q

what is hypobiosis?

A

arrested development of larvae within the host in response to ambient drop in temperature and trigger from free living L3

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18
Q

what is pre-patent period?

A

time between becoming infected and the detection of eggs in faeces

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19
Q

what shape Teladorsagia circumcincta eggs?

A

barrel

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20
Q

how long are Teladorsagia circumcinta eggs?

A

90micrometres

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21
Q

what is the typical trichostrongyle lifecycle

A 
worms mate in abomasum and produce eggs
eggs develop in faecal pat to L1
L1 hatches
feeds on bacteria in faeces
grows/moults to L2 then L3
L3 is dispersed by rain fall
grazing sheep ingest L3
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22
Q

L3 in the typical trichostronyle lifecycle is ensheathed, what does this mean?

A

has 2 cuticles for protection

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23
Q

what is the final stage of the lifecycle of Teladorsagia circumcincta?

A

L3 burrow into gastric glands
develops to L4 and L5
L5 emerge into the lumen
L5 mature to adults and lay eggs

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24
Q

what is a patent infection?

A

one that can be detected

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25
Q

when is hypobiosis in Teladorsagia circumcinta triggered?

A

late winter/early spring

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26
Q

how does Teladorsagia circumcincta cause disease?

A

emerging L5 damages the gastric glands

leaky mucous membranes

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27
Q

what is the function of the gastric glands?

A

maintain abomasal pH
bacteriostatic
convert pepsinogen to pepsin

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28
Q

what are the clinical signs of type one disease caused by Teladorsagia circumcincta?

A 
watery diarrhoea
weight loss/poor weight gain
anorexia
dehydration
death
29
Q

what animals is type one disease caused by Teladorsagia circumcincta seen in?

A

first season grazing lambs

30
Q

what time of year is type I disease caused by Teladorsagia circumcincta seen?

A

mid summer onwards

31
Q

what is type II disease of Teladorsagia circumcincta due to?

A

presence of hypobiosed larvae in abomasum - simultaneous L5 emergence

32
Q

what animals is type II disease of Teladorsagia circumcincta seen in?

A

yearlings

33
Q

what time of year is type II disease of Teladorsagia circumcincta seen?

A

late winter/early spring

34
Q

what are the main species causing PGE?

A

Teladorsagia circumcincta
Trichostrongylus spp.
Cooperia spp.

35
Q

where does L4 and L5 of Trichostrongylus spp. develop?

A

sub-epithelial teens in the deep mucosa

36
Q

what does the development of L4 and L5 of Trichostrongylus spp. lead to?

A

villous atrophy
haemorrhage
oedema
diarrhoea

37
Q

what are the clinical signs of Trichostrongylus spp.?

A

black scour
oedema
weight loss/poor gain
poor skeletal growth

38
Q

what animals is Trichostongylus spp. seen in?

A

store lambs

39
Q

what time of year is Trichostrongylus spp. seen?

A

autumn

40
Q

what nematode species in the dose defining species for PGE?

A

Cooperia spp.

41
Q

what is Cooperia spp. the dose defining species?

A

less susceptible to anthelminitics

42
Q

what are the small intestinal nematodes?

A

Cooperia spp.

Trichostrongylus spp. Nematodirus battus

43
Q

which of the small intestinal nematodes have a cephalic/cervical vesicle

A

Cooperia spp.

Nematodirus battus

44
Q

how would the cephalic/cervical vesicles of Cooperia spp. and Nematodirus battus be described?

A

Nematodirus battus - bubble like

Cooperia spp. - small

45
Q

what is the defining feature of male Cooperia spp.?

A

short, stumpy spicules

46
Q

how long is Cooperia spp.?

A

10mm

47
Q

how does Cooperia spp. appear?

A

coiled like a watch spring

48
Q

how does Nematodirus battus appear?

A

white tangled groups (cotton wool)

49
Q

what is the defining feature of male Nematodirus battus.?

A

long thin spicules

50
Q

how large are Nematodirus battus eggs?

A

150micrometres

51
Q

Cooperia spp. is a mild pathogen, what do heavy infections lead to?

A

catarrhal enteritis
villous atrophy
oedema
diarrhoea

52
Q

how long is Nematodirus battus?

A

20mm

53
Q

which worm doesn’t have a typical trichostrongyle lifecycle?

A

Nematodirus battus

54
Q

describe the lifecycle of Nematodirus battus

A 
unembryonated egg passes out into faeces
L1 develops to L3 inside the egg then hatches
L3 is ingested by animals
burrows into SI mucosa 
L5 emerges from mucosa
55
Q

how long is the pre-patent period of Nematodirus battus?

A

15 days

56
Q

how long is the pre-patent period of typical trichostronyle lifecycles?

A

21 days

57
Q

how does Nematodirus battus cause disease?

A

L5 destroys the mucosa leading to caterwaul enteritis and villous atrophy mean fluid/nutrient absorption is disrupted

58
Q

what aged sheep is Nematodirus battus seen in?

A

4-12 weeks

59
Q

what are the clinical signs of Nematodirus battus?

A 
sudden acute watery diarrhoea
dehydration
abdominal pain
anorexia
weight loss
60
Q

what triggers overwintered Nematodirus battus eggs to hatch?

A

prolonged periods of chill

mean temperature above 10

61
Q

when is disease of Nematodirus battus seen?

A

May-June

62
Q

what two factors need to occur for Nematodirus battus infection to occur?

A

hatching of eggs coincide with presence of susceptible lambs

lambs graze but don’t have immunity

63
Q

how is the Nematodirus battus cycle described?

A

lamb to lamb

64
Q

where do larvae of Haemonchus contortus develop in the abomasum?

A

mucosa

65
Q

what are the clinical signs of Haemonchus contortus?

A

anaemia
oedema
weight loss

66
Q

when do outbreaks of Haemonchus contortus occur?

A

late summer

67
Q

what is the main source of pasture contamination for Haemonchus contortus?

A

ewe - periparturient rise

68
Q

why is the periparturient rise the main source of pasture contamination for Haemonchus contortus?

A

L3 do not survive the winter

Parasitology (9 decks)

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