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Parasitology > Canine/feline mites (year 2) > Flashcards

Canine/feline mites (year 2) Flashcards

1
Q

describe the morphology of mites

A

they are arachnids with no distinct body parts just a mouth and body, adults have 8 legs and larvae have 6

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2
Q

what are the two groups of mites

A

burrowing and non-burrowing

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3
Q

name the main burrowing mites in cats/dogs

A

Sarcoptes scabiei
Notoedres cati
Demodex

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4
Q

what does Sarcoptes scabiei cause?

A

sarcoptic mange

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5
Q

describe the morphology of Sarcoptes scabiei

A

0.2-0.5mm
rounded body
rounded mouthparts
4 pairs of stumpy legs that don’t extend beyond the body
scales/spine on dorsal surface
thumb print pattern from cuticle folds on dorsal surface

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6
Q

how is Sarcoptes scabiei transmitted?

A

via direct contact - highly contagious

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7
Q

in what layer of skin is Sarcoptes scabiei found?

A

superficial

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8
Q

how long is the egg to adult lifecycle of Sarcoptes scabiei?

A

14 days

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9
Q

in which species (dogs/cats) is Sarcoptes scabiei infection rare?

A

cats

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10
Q

describe the lifecycle of Sarcoptes scabiei

A

adults mate on skin surface then females burrowing burrow into the stratum corneum creating tunnels in the keratin and feeding on fluid between cells. The females lay 3 eggs a day in these tunnels that hatch after 3-4 days, they exit the tunnel where they moult to a protonymph then tritonymph and finally an adult

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11
Q

how many females are in each Sarcoptes scabiei tunnel and how long are these tunnels?

A

1 mite

1cm

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12
Q

where on the animal does Sarcoptes scabiei first affect?

A

ears, muzzle, face, elbows

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13
Q

is Sarcoptes scabiei seasonal or commensal?

A

neither seasonal or commensal

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14
Q

what are the clinical signs of Sarcoptes scabiei?

A

intense pruritis, papular lesions, alopecia, crusting, self trauma, secondary bacterial infections

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15
Q

how is Sarcoptes scabiei diagnosed?

A

superficial skin scrapings from margins or lesions (microscopy), serology (ELISA)

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16
Q

how is Sarcoptes scabiei controlled/treated?

A

treat all affected and in contact animals with amitraz/selamectin/moxidectin/imidacloprid

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17
Q

what is the usual host for Notoedres cati?

A

cats

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18
Q

describe the morphology of Notoedres cati

A

rounded body
rounded mouthparts
4 pairs of stumpy legs that don’t extend beyond the body
dorsal anus
thumb print pattern from cuticle folds on dorsal surface

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19
Q

how is Notoedres cati transmitted?

A

via direct contact or fomites - highly contageous

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20
Q

describe the lifecycle of Notoedres cati

A

adults mate on skin surface then females burrowing burrow into the stratum corneum creating tunnels in the keratin and feeding on fluid between cells. The females lay 3 eggs a day in these tunnels that hatch after 3-4 days, they exit the tunnel where they moult to a protonymph then tritonymph and finally an adult

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21
Q

how is Notoedres cati diagnosed?

A

superficial skin scrapings (microscopy), serology (ELISA)

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22
Q

what part of the body does Notoedres cati infect first?

A

face, head, ears

23
Q

what are the clinical signs of Notoedres cati?

A

pruritus, alopecia, scaling, crusting, erythema, lichenification

24
Q

how is Notoedres cati treated?

A

selamectin

25
Q

what is Demodex known as, and where does it live?

A

follicle mite that lives in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of a variety of hosts

26
Q

describe the morphology of Demodex

A

long cigar shape with 4 pairs of stumpy legs

27
Q

is Demodex comensal?

A

yes - cannot survive off of host

28
Q

how long is the lifecycle of Demodex?

A

18-24 days - egg, larvae, protonymph, tritonymph, adult

29
Q

how is Demodex transmitted?

A

from bitch to pups during feeding

30
Q

when does Demodex become an issue?

A

when the host is immunosuppressed

31
Q

what are the clinical signs of Demodex?

A

erythema, pustules, crusts, pruritis, papule, alopecia

32
Q

how is Demodex diagnosed?

A

deep skin scraping (microscopy)

33
Q

name the three non-burrowing mites found in cats/dogs

A

Otodectes cynotis
Cheyletiella
Trombicula

34
Q

describe the morphology of Cheyletiella

A

0.5mm
palp with strong curved claws
round body
long legs

35
Q

what is Cheyletiella known as colloquially?

A

walking dandruff

36
Q

where on the host is Cheyletiella found?

A

dorsal surface between shoulder blades

37
Q

how is Cheyletiella transmitted?

A

by direct contact and fomites

38
Q

what are the clinical signs of Cheyletiella?

A

mild pruritis and scaling

39
Q

how is Cheyletiella diagnosed?

A

grooming host and examining material microscopically

40
Q

what are the licensed treatments for Cheyletiella?

A

there are none but could use ivermectin or fipronil

41
Q

what is Otodectes cynotis known as?

A

the ear mite

42
Q

where does Otodectes cynotis infect?

A

the ear canal of cats and dogs but can spread to neck

43
Q

how long is is the lifecycle of Otodectes cynotis?

A

3 weeks

44
Q

how is Otodectes cynotis transmitted?

A

direct contact

45
Q

describe the clinical signs of Otodectes cynotis

A

brown waxy exudate from ear, itching, head shaking, secondary bacterial infection

46
Q

how is Otodectes cynotis treated?

A

permethrin ear drops, selamectin

47
Q

what is Trombicula also known as?

A

harvest mites or chiggars

48
Q

what is special about the larval stage of Trombicula?

A

they are parasitic

49
Q

when is Trombicula usually found?

A

late summer and early autumn

50
Q

how does Trombicula infect its host?

A

climb onto plants and swarm onto host when it comes close

51
Q

how are infections of Trombicula seen to the naked eye?

A

clumps of orange

52
Q

where are Trombicula lesions usually found?

A

feet, ventral body, face

53
Q

what are the clinical signs of Trombicula?

A

erythema, papule, scales, crusts, pustules, pruritis

54
Q

how is Trombicula treated?

A

fipronil, amitraz repeated treatments

Parasitology (9 decks)

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