Equine dermatology pt 1 Flashcards by Mark Sunarich

functions of skin as an organ

§Shape and form
§Enclosing barrier
§ Temperature regulation
§Produces adnexa
§ Reservoir
§ Immunoregulation
§Sensory perception

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layers of the skin from top to bottom

stratum corneum > dead keratinocytes
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum > lamellar granules
stratum spinosum > keratinocytes, sparse langerhans cells, melanocyte at base
stratum basale
dermis

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what is a merkel cell? where do we find it

§Slow-adapting mechanoreceptors
- in the stratum basale, connect to sensory neuron

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melanocytes are derived from

neural crest

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what is a langerhans cell

§ Dendritic, antigen-presenting cell

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what is the function of the basement membrane zone

§Anchors epidermis to dermis

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what do we find in the dermis

§Collagen and elastin § Fibroblasts
§Dermal dendrocytes

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§Phases of hair growth

§ Anagen: Growth phase
§ Catagen: Transitional phase
§ Telogen: Resting phase

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physical exam for skin issue includes:

§Perform complete examination
<><><><>
§Skin lesions and distribution:
§Primary lesions
§Secondary lesions
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§Remember to check:
§Mucous membranes
§Mucocutaneous junctions
§Inguinal region
§Feathered limbs
<><><><>
§Record lesions and measure!

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§Disorders of pigmentation
- leukoderma disorders

§ Vitiligo
§ Onchocerciasis
§Lupus erythematous
§Pressure sores
§ Burns, freezing, UV

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§Disorders of pigmentation
- leukotrichia disorders

§ Reticulated
§ Spotted
§ Hyperesthetic

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Disorders of hair

§Mane and tail dystrophy
§Curly coat
§ Hirsutism
§Alopecia areata
§Anagen defluxion
§ Telogen defluxion
§Naked Foal Syndrome

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what is a Macule

§ Erythema, hyper- or hypopigmentation
§ Up to 1cm in diameter
§ Not raised

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what is a patch

§ Same appearance as macule
§ Greater than 1-2 cm

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what is a papule

§ A circular, solid erythematous elevation of the skin up to 1cm in diameter

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what is a plaque

§ Larger, flat topped elevation of coalescing papules

what is a nodule

§ Large papule, >1cm
§Raised and may extend into dermis

what is a pustule

§Small accumulation of purulent exudate

what is wheal

§ Raised elevation of skin due to dermal edema
§Pitting edema

what is a vesicle

§ Elevation in epidermis filled with clear
fluid
§ Up to 1cm in size

what is a bulla

§ Vesicle > 1cm in size

what is an erosion

§ Partial loss of epidermis
§ Excoriation= linear erosion

what is an dermal ulcer

§ Complete loss of epidermis and partial loss of dermis

EXUBERANT GRANULATION TISSUE
- how does it arise
- anatomic location most common
- issues
- Tx

§Granulation= phase of wound healing §Overproduction of fibroblasts
> Exuberant granulation
§Most common in distal limbs §Prevents further healing §Requires surgical debridement

pediculosis in horses - signs - agents - season - Tx

§ Species specific, obligate parasites §Severe pruritus §Damalinia equi- Biting louse §Haematopinus equi- Sucking louse §More common in winter <><> § Treatment §200ug/kg oral ivermectin every 2 weeks x 3 §500ug/kg topical eprinomectin once weekly x 4 §Pyrethrin spray/ powder every 14 days twice

agents of mange in the horse

§ Sarcoptes scabei var. equi § Psoroptes equi <> §Chorioptes bovis

Sarcoptes scabei var. equi - character, contagion, signs - anatomic locations

§ Highly contagious and zoonotic § Burrowing mite § Pruritic § Head, neck, and shoulders to generalized

Psoroptes equi - type of mite, signs, anatomic locations

§ Non-burrowing mite § Pruritic § Face, ears, areas with high hair density

mange due to Sarcoptes scabei var. equi and Psoroptes equi Tx

§ 200ug/kg oral ivermectin twice 14 days apart § 400ug/kg oral moxidectin once

Chorioptes bovis clinical signs, where found

Mange <> §Survives in environment <> § Clinical signs: § Severe pruritis § Erythema § Alopecia § Excoriation § Scales/ crusts § Lichenification

chorioptic mange, Dx, Tx

Diagnosis §Scrape non-traumatized areas §Evaluate under microscope <><><><> Treatment §Remove all feathers §Bathe with medicated or oatmeal shampoo § Topical eprinomectin or fipronil §Oral ivermectin or moxidectin § Treat all horses and premise

habronemasis - common name - agents - season - signalment

“Summer sores” <><><> Etiology § Habronema muscae § Habronema majus § Draschia megastoma <><><> Spring and summer <><><> Increased risk § Arabians § Grey horses § Coat color dilutions

habronemiasis clinical signs

§Ulcerated lesion §Non-healing wound § Contains gritty, yellow granules

habronemiasis Dx, Tx

Diagnosis § Biopsy <><><> Treatment * Oral ivermectin or moxidectin * Topical care: §Compounded ointment §Surgical debridement §Bandage if possible §Fly control