equine derm conditions

Question 1

what conditions cause pruritis

Answer 1

parasites
hypersensitivities

Question 2

what are the four groups of pruritic parasites

Answer 2

lice, mites, ticks, nematodes

Question 3

what are the two lice affecting horses

Answer 3

werneckiella: bitung louse, dorsolateral trunk, neck and face

haematopinus asini: sucking louse. mane, tail, fetlock and pastern

Question 4

what is the diagnosis and treatment for lice

Answer 4

coat brush/hair pluck
pyrethrins, pyrethroids, permethrin, fipronil

Question 5

what is the mite affecting horses feet

Answer 5

chorioptes equi

distal limbs and feathers. intense pruritis
stamping, chewing and scratching

Question 6

other mites affecting horses

Answer 6

sarcoptes scabiei
psoroptes equi
trombiculidiasis
dermanyssuss gallinae

Question 7

what is the diagnosis and treatment for mites

Answer 7

skin brush to diagnose
injectable ML (2 injections, 2 weeks apart)
topical ML (once every 4 wks)

Question 8

what nematode causes pruritis

Answer 8

oxyuris equi (pinworm)
perianal pruritis
fenbendazole to treat

Question 9

what is the name given to insect bite hypersensitivity

Answer 9

sweet itch

Question 10

where is sweet itch located
what are the risk factors

Answer 10

mane, back, tail, ventrum

contact with culicoides, being near standing water or woods at dusk/dawn

Question 11

whats the name given to dermatophilosis

Answer 11

rain scald

Question 12

cause of rain scald

Answer 12

chronic moisture and skin damage causing bacterial overgrowth.
back, glutes, face and neck

Question 13

rain scald consequences and treatment

Answer 13

causes crusting and scaling
if mild use topical antimicrobials, systemic if severe

Question 14

describe bacterial folliculitis

Answer 14

painful lesions

Question 15

what are the causes of photosensitisation

Answer 15

hepatogenous
ingestion of photodynamic agent

Question 16

what is leukocytoclastic vasculitis

Answer 16

immune mediated vasculitis of distal limbs. can be painful

Question 17

leukocytoclastic vasculitis treatment

Answer 17

steroids
avoid exposure to light

Question 18

describe pemphigus folliaceous

Answer 18

rare autoimmune disease
causes severe crusting of skin all over body
immunosurpressants to treat but guaarded prognosis

Question 19

what causes warts and plaques on young horses faces, inguinal area or ear pinnae

Answer 19

viral papillamatosis (self curing)

Question 20

eosinophicil granuloma

Answer 20

frequent none painful and non pruritic focal areas of collagen necrosis.

Question 21

what are the three main tumors affecting horses

Answer 21

sarcoid
melanoma
scc

Question 22

what are the six presentations of sarcoids

Answer 22

1. occult
2. verrucose
3. nodular
4. fibroblastic
5. mixed
6. malignant

Question 23

4 rules regarding sarcoids

Answer 23

1. the more they have the more they get
2. the fewer they have the fewer they get
3. multiply over summer and grow over winter
4. a single sarcoid implies genetic susceptinility

Question 24

where are melanomas commonly seen

Answer 24

perineum, tail head, parotid region. most are benign but some can be malignant

Question 25

where are scc’s commonly seen

Answer 25

external genitalia, eye