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AGR2350 > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

Lectures 19 & 20

1
Q

Root word of Equine

A

Equus Caballus

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2
Q

What is a female horse called?

A

Mare

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3
Q

What is a male horse called?

A

Stallion

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4
Q

What is a castrated male horse called

A

Gelding

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5
Q

What is a young horse called (<1year)

A

Foal

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6
Q

What is a female foal (< 4 years old) called?

A

Filly

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7
Q

What is a male foal (< 4 years old) called?

A

Colt

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8
Q

What is a considered a pony?

A

Size: less than 14.2 hands; 58 inches

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9
Q

What are the 5 catogories of the Canadian equine herd?

A
  1. Sports
  2. Recreational Equines
  3. Working Equines
  4. Racing
  5. Food/Pharmaceuticals
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10
Q

What are the sectors of the equine industry and percentage of horses involved

A
  1. Recreation (28%)
  2. Amateur sport (24.5%)
  3. Working (19%)
  4. Breeding (14%)
  5. Professional Sport (8%)
  6. Elite (4%)
  7. Racing (2.5%)
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11
Q

What is considered recreational in equine industry

A
  • Trail riding, companion, pleasure driving
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12
Q

What is considered amateur sport in equine industry

A
  • Inolved in regular lessons or training
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13
Q

What is considered working in equine industry

A
  • Ranching, lessons, carriage tours, draft
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14
Q

What is considered breeding in equine industry

A
  • Breed or discipline specific
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15
Q

What is considered professional sport in equine industry

A
  • Derive a portion of income from equine industry (lessons, training, competing)
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16
Q

What is considered Elite in equine industry

A
  • Olympic high - level competions
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17
Q

What does FEI mean

A

Federation Equestrian international

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18
Q

What is considered racing in equine industry

A
  • Standardbred –> Trotters, Pacers
  • Thoroughbred
  • Quarter horse
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19
Q

Are horses considered livestocks and if so what classification are they under and are they charged tax

A
  • Yes horses are livestock
  • Under classification by health of animals act and animal pedigree act
  • Horses have tax on equine sales
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20
Q

What is the global horse population with and without donkeys and mules?

A
  • ~60 million horses
  • ~56 donkeys and mules
  • 116 million equines (horses, donkeys, mules)
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21
Q

FAO meaning

A

Food and Agriculture Organization

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22
Q

Has there been a decline in the global horse population & what country has the most horses & how many (2022)?

A
  • Yes, decline since 2009
  • United States ( 10.3M)
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23
Q

How many horses total in Canada? Which province has the most and how many since 2021?

A
  • 509,099 total
  • Alberta (188,692)
24
Q

How much money do livetsock horses contriubute to the economy

A

$24.21 billion dollars

25
Q

How much do livestock horses contribute to the Gross Domestic Production (GDP)

A

$8.69 billion

26
Q

How many jobs in the livestock industry?

A

70,997 full time employee (FTE) jobs

27
Q

What are the equine industry Demographics (Who is buy the horses)

A
  • Highly educated
  • Higher income brackets
  • Older (retired - 60)
  • 89% female
  • 90% “not a member of racialized community)
28
Q

What costs the most money for taking care of a horse

A
  1. food (13%)
  2. Travel (11%)
29
Q

How much is yealy to breed horses

A

$8,451

30
Q

How much is yealy to have your horse for recreational use

A

$11,975

31
Q

How much is yealy to be in a pro sport

A

$19,883

32
Q

How much is yealy to be in an elite sprt with your horse

A

$24,607

33
Q

What is the average yearly cost to own a horse?

A

$15,270

34
Q

What are the top two jobs that own horses

A
  1. Recreational
  2. Amateur sport competitor
35
Q

How many horses are consumed yearly

A

4.3 mill

36
Q

WHat are the nutrition values of horses

A

Lean, red meat, low in fat, higher in omega 3s than most other red meats

37
Q

What country produces the most horse meat

A

China

38
Q

How are horses the fastest of the traditional land animals?

A
  1. Heart rate- horses can pump their heart twice as fast when excersising
  2. Respiratory volume is higher
  3. Spleen contrations have more blood cells
  4. Horses have a much higher aerobic capacity than humans (VO2 max)
39
Q

Explain facts about the horses eyes

A
  1. Largest eyes of any land mammal
  2. Superior nigh vison
  3. Hard to go into different lightings (from outside to barn) cause it takes their eyes longer to adjust
  4. They have a wide visual range
40
Q

What does EAL stand for and what is it?

A

Equine Assisted Learning

  • Self esteem and cobfitance
  • PTSD
  • Leadership
    At- Risk youth
41
Q

Name an assocation that helps keep horses as health care providers

A

Canadian Therapeiutic Riding Assocaiation

  • Physical strength and balence
  • Relaxation and control
42
Q

How long is the horses gestation cycle

A

~330 - 342 days

43
Q

What kind of breeders are horses

A

long day breeders

44
Q

how long is a horses estrus cycle

A

~21 days

45
Q

When do horses reach puberty?

A

~18 months

46
Q

WHat type of breeding methods do horses use

A

“live-cover” or AI

47
Q

What is Foul Heat?

A

~ 5-7 days after foaling mare will be in estrus

48
Q

Explain the diet of a horse

A
  • Herbivores
  • Grazers
  • Small stomach (relative to GIT)–> Gastrointestinal tract
  • Hind gut fermentation
49
Q
A
50
Q

What is the most important nutrient nutrient for horses

A

Water

51
Q

What is the second most important nutrient fotr horses?

A

Fibre –> long stem 2” in length

52
Q

How much of the horses BW needs to be in their feed per day?

A
  • 2 to 3%
  • At least 50% must be long stem forgae
53
Q

What are the goals of horse nutrition

A
  • Promotion of tissue adaptation, growth, repair
  • Promotion of general well-being
  • appliccation of como feeding strategies appropriate to the althletic task
  • maintiance of body weight, and replenishment of energy reserves in working muscle and other tissues
54
Q

Common metabolic challenges with horses

A
  1. Colic
  2. EMS (Equine Metabolic Syndrome
  3. Laminitis
55
Q

What is colic?

A
  • Generallized term for abdominal/Gastrointestinal pain (mild to severe)
  • Top cause of dealth in horses
  • Causes: gas, impaction, sand , displacement, torsion, parasites, ulcers
  • Medical or surgical intervention

Symptoms:
- Pawing
- Sweating, rapid breathing, flared nostrils, elevated pulse rate, repeatedly lying down, rolling, leaving foot behind, turning head toward the flank, kicking or biting at the belly

Causes:
- 80% mangement related
- hours in stall
- high grain/low forgae
- moldy hay or feed
- Abrupt feed changes
- dehydartion
- Dental probelms
- Stress
- Parasites

56
Q

What is EMS?

A

Equine Metabolic Syndrome

  • Dysregulation of insulin
  • Weight gain
  • Increased BCS, cresting of neck
  • Increased urination
  • Lincreased risk of Laminitis
  • Managed with diet and exercise, vet may prescribe drugs to help
  • Ponies and donkeys increased risk
57
Q

What is Laminitis

A
  • Inflammation of lamellae (connective tissue)
  • Three main types:
    1. metabolic laminitis
    2. Systemic Inflammatory disease related
    3. Supporting-limb

Common symptoms:
heat in hoof
strong digtal pulse
- Horse is lame
-“rocked back: posture
- X ray to detect rotation

AGR2350 (3 decks)

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