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AHW > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

Behavioural characteristics of horses

A

Flee when they perceive a threat
Establish hierachy based on dominance & submission
Strong social bonds

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2
Q

Equine housing types

A

Traditional stabling
Crew yard
American barn
Grass kept

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3
Q

Equine housing requirements

A

Suitable stable size
Free access to water
Adequate ventilation
Bedding = shavings, cardboard or straw

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4
Q

Equine nutritional requirements

A

Hind-gut fermenters
Most digestion occurs via continual microbial fermentation in caecum & colon

Non-ruminant herbivores

Good quality forage should form majority of diet
Hay, haylage & grass

Trickle feeders
Eat little but often

High fibre diet

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5
Q

Outline grassland management of horses

A

Access to fresh & clean water
Good fencing
Good quality grass
Droppings removed weekly
Appropriate stocking density
Access to shelter

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6
Q

Environmental impact of horses

A

Overgrazing
High parasite burden
Destruction of turf
Carcass disposal
Disposal of waste bedding

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7
Q

Equine heart & resp rate at rest

A

Heart rate = 28-44 bpm
Resp rate = 8-16 bpm

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8
Q

Key equine non-infectious diseases

A

Tetanus
Life-threatening
Caused by toxin from Clostridium tetani

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9
Q

Key equine infectious diseases

A

Equine influenza
Highly contagious viral disease
Effects respiratory tract

Strangles
Respiratory disease
Caused by bacteria Streptococcus equi

Equine herpes virus
Contagious respiratory virus
Some strains can cause neurological disease & abortion

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10
Q

Equine preventative health care - vaccinations

A

Horses should be vaccinated against Equine Influenza & Tetanus annually
Some other vaccinations compulsory for competitions

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11
Q

Equine preventative health care - farriery

A

Feet trimmed & replacement shoes every 4-8 weeks
Frequency depends on work level & surfaces worked on
Farriers work closely with vets when remedial shoeing is required

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12
Q

Equine preventative health care - anthelmintics

A

Worming against wide range of equine parasites
Small & large roundworm, small redworm, tapeworm, lungworm

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13
Q

Equine preventative health care - dentistry

A

Equine teeth grow continuously
Molars grind laterally – causes sharp hooks to develop
Teeth should be examined at least once a year by vet surgeon or equine dental technician
Hooks rasped & general oral health assessed

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14
Q

3 main areas assessed in equine body condition scoring

A

Neck, ribs, pelvis

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15
Q

What are abnormal repetitive behaviours in horses

A

Not goal orientated
Rarely seen in wild
No function
Causes vary but include:
Pain, Stress, Maternal separation, Lack of social contact, Inappropriate environment &/or diet
Can’t be learnt by watching other horses

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16
Q

List common equine abnormal repetitive behaviours

A

Wind-sucking – gulping in air
Crib-biting – grasping surface with teeth followed by gulp of air
Box-walking – constant movement around stable
Weaving – rocking body or swinging neck side to side

17
Q

Thoroughbred key organisations

A

British Horseracing Authority (BHA) - responsible for overall governance, administration & regulation of British horseracing industry

Jockey Club – aims to widen participation within British horseracing & create sustainable future for sport

Wetherbys – all thoroughbred horses bred to race in Britain & Ireland registered & maintain general studbook for thoroughbreds

Horserace Betting Levy Board (HBLB) - collects levy from horseracing bookmakers & applies funs to schemes such as improving equine breeds & advancement of vet science

18
Q

Sport horse industry key organisations

A

British Equestrian – national governing body for all horse sports in UK

Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) - international governing body of equestrian sports
Coordinates calendar of events, disciplinary procedures & doping controls
Oversees training of British international judges, stewards, veterinary professionals & course designers

19
Q

Equine welfare key organisations

A

National Equine Welfare Council (NEWC) - key point of contact on equine welfare in UK

British Horse Council – engages with UK ministers & government officials to discuss equine identification, breeding, abandonment & disease surveillance

20
Q

Veterinary surgeons act 1966

A

Only qualified veterinary surgeons can perform acts of veterinary surgery

Certain exemptions for:
Veterinary students
AI technicians
Equine Dental technicians
Registered veterinary nurses

21
Q

Farriers registration act 1977

A

Only trained & registered farriers can perform acts of farriery

Act doesn’t apply to foot trimming when shoe is not required

Exceptions:
Farrier apprentices
Veterinary surgeons
Trainee veterinary surgeons (supervised)
Persons rendering immediate first-aid in event of veterinary emergency

22
Q

Equine identification regulations 2018

A

All equids must have passport by 6 months of age which
Describes animal by breed, colour & species
Lists all vaccination
Names registered owner
Details whether animal is intended for human consumption

Passport applications are completed by qualified veterinary surgeons

Keeper must ensure passport accompanies horse when:
Its moved out of UK
Used for competition or breeding
Moved to new premises or keeper
Consigned to slaughter for human consumption

23
Q

Equine evolution names & adaptations

A

Hyracotherium –> Mesohippus –> Merychippus –> Pliohippus –> Equus

Forelimb: 4 toes ending in small hoof like appendages –> single hoof (3rd toe)

Hindlimb: 3 toes ending in small hoof like appendages –> single hoof (3rd toe)

Teeth adapted for browsing –> high-crowned teeth suited to grazing

24
Q

Breed & use

A

Arabian
Endurance racing

25
Q

Breed & use

A

Thoroughbred
Horseracing

26
Q

Breed & use

A

Connemara
Versatile

27
Q

Breed & use

A

Warmblood
(Hanoverian, Holsteiner, Belgian & Dutch warmblood, Oldenburg)
Showjumping & dressage

28
Q

Breed & use

A

Irish draught
Showjumping & eventing

29
Q

Breed & use

A

Welsh pony & cob
Riding & driving

30
Q

Breed

A

Cob

31
Q

Color

A

Dun

32
Q

Color

A

Roan

33
Q

Color

A

Palomino

34
Q

Color

A

Appaloosa

35
Q

What is the difference between Piebald and Skewbald

A

Piebald is white on black
Skewbald is white on any other color
Both Piebald and Skewbald are examples of Pinto horses

36
Q

What are the roles/uses of horses

A

Thoroughbred racing
Dressage
Show jumping
Eventing
Leisure

37
Q

What are current equine issues

A

Obesity:
Rates as high as 70%
Increases risk of laminitis & hyperlipaemia
Impairment of normal thermoregulation

Anthelmintic resistance:
Horse owners not always careful when deworming
Mortality with intestinal worms high
No new deworming products under development

Use of horses for sport:
Sustainability of equestrian sports under increased scrutiny

AHW (11 decks)

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