Equine Flashcards
what blood vessel is used for blood gases
artery
two arteries used for equine blood gases
Transverse Facial
Dorsal Metatarsal
veins used for equine blood draws
Jugular
Cephalic
Lateral Thoracic
Saphenous
Coccygeal
preferred vein for equine blood draws
jugular
three things urinalysis are used for in equine
urinary tract disease
systemic disease
toxicology
why is cystocentesis not done in equine
size of animal and risk
preferred urine collection method for equine - but can give what
voided
false cultures
how should voided cultures be collected
midstream
Catheterization is difficult with equine and risk what
cystitis (inflammation of bladder)
what is normal to see in equine urine
calcium carbonate crystals
two reason abdominocentesis are done in equine
GI diseases
chronic weight loss
where are abdominocentesis done on equine
ventral midline or slightly off
what kind of prep is done for abdominocentesis
clip and sterile
what size needle is used in abdominocentesis
18 to 19 gauge
1 1/2 inches long
where do you stand to do abdominocentesis on equine
cranial
how much abdominal fluid is needed for culture
and what kind of tube is used
1 ml
EDTA (purple top)
what color is the EDTA tube
purple top
what does the EDTA (purple top tube) have in it
anticoagulant
how much abdominal fluid needs to be collected in a serum tube for culture
1 drop
what color top is the serum tube
red
what does the serum tube have in it
clotting facture (to activate clotting)
what should you do when you are done with abdominocentesis
apply pressure
clean
triple antibiotics
what kind of prep is done for arthrocentsis
clip and sterile
In 🐎 🐴
what gauge needle is used for aspiration of joints
6 to 12 ml
besides sample collection, what can arthrocentesis be used for
medicating the joint
In 🐎 🐴
two kinds of cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Atlantooccipital
Lumbosacral
which cerebrospinal collection method requires anesthesia
atlantoccipital
which cerebrospinal collection method is done awake but is painful
lumbosacral
four diseases that thoracocentesis can diagnosis
pleural space disease
lung
heart
neoplasia
what should be used for thoracocentesis to prevent pneumothorax for
3 way stop cock
what length needle should be used on the 3 way stop cock
(Long needle)
at least 1 1/2” long
what does the 3 way stop cock allow you to control
flow rate of fluid or gas
what part of the airway does the transtracheal wash clean
lower airway
two ways to do transtracheal washes
endoscopic
percutaneous
two advantages of endoscopic transtracheal wash
visualize structures
non invasive
three disadvantages to endoscopic transtracheal wash
cost
patient resistance
contamination
advantage to percutaneous transtracheal wash
sterile for cultures
disadvantage to percutaneous transtracheal wash
invasive
bronchoalveolar lavage is sampled from where
further down the trachea
how many mls are injected in an endoscopic wash
100-200 mls
percutaneous transtracheal samples are taken from the ventral midline of the neck, in the _____ third of the trachea
ventral midline
middle
what gauge needle is used for percutaneous transtracheals
(Large gauge)
14 gauge
three ways to deliver oral medication to equine
feed additives
dosing syringe
nasogastric tube
In 🐎 🐴
where is the dosing syringe placed for mediation delivery
interdental space
what tool should not be used as a dosing syringe in horses
balling gun
three disadvantages to nasogastric intubation
bleeding
accidental tracheal intubation
resentment by horse (danger to horse and human)
bleeding from nasogastric intubation is never ______
fatal
when removing a nasogastric tube, the end should be covered in case of what
liquid further down the tube can go back into lungs
how long can a nasogastric tube be left in place and how should it be secured
24-48 hours
tape to halter with small loops
how many gallons of water are used for an enema on a 1000 pound horse
1-3 gallons
