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Large Animal Clinical Procedures > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

what blood vessel is used for blood gases

A

artery

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2
Q

two arteries used for equine blood gases

A

Transverse Facial
Dorsal Metatarsal

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3
Q

veins used for equine blood draws

A

Jugular
Cephalic
Lateral Thoracic
Saphenous
Coccygeal

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4
Q

preferred vein for equine blood draws

A

jugular

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5
Q

three things urinalysis are used for in equine

A

urinary tract disease
systemic disease
toxicology

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6
Q

why is cystocentesis not done in equine

A

size of animal and risk

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7
Q

preferred urine collection method for equine - but can give what

A

voided
false cultures

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8
Q

how should voided cultures be collected

A

midstream

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9
Q

Catheterization is difficult with equine and risk what

A

cystitis (inflammation of bladder)

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10
Q

what is normal to see in equine urine

A

calcium carbonate crystals

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11
Q

two reason abdominocentesis are done in equine

A

GI diseases
chronic weight loss

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12
Q

where are abdominocentesis done on equine

A

ventral midline or slightly off

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13
Q

what kind of prep is done for abdominocentesis

A

clip and sterile

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14
Q

what size needle is used in abdominocentesis

A

18 to 19 gauge
1 1/2 inches long

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15
Q

where do you stand to do abdominocentesis on equine

A

cranial

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16
Q

how much abdominal fluid is needed for culture

and what kind of tube is used

A

1 ml
EDTA (purple top)

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17
Q

what color is the EDTA tube

A

purple top

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18
Q

what does the EDTA (purple top tube) have in it

A

anticoagulant

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19
Q

how much abdominal fluid needs to be collected in a serum tube for culture

A

1 drop

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20
Q

what color top is the serum tube

A

red

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21
Q

what does the serum tube have in it

A

clotting facture (to activate clotting)

22
Q

what should you do when you are done with abdominocentesis

A

apply pressure
clean
triple antibiotics

23
Q

what kind of prep is done for arthrocentsis

A

clip and sterile

24
Q

In 🐎 🐴

what gauge needle is used for aspiration of joints

A

6 to 12 ml

25
Q

besides sample collection, what can arthrocentesis be used for

A

medicating the joint

26
Q

In 🐎 🐴

two kinds of cerebrospinal fluid analysis

A

Atlantooccipital
Lumbosacral

27
Q

which cerebrospinal collection method requires anesthesia

A

atlantoccipital

28
Q

which cerebrospinal collection method is done awake but is painful

A

lumbosacral

29
Q

four diseases that thoracocentesis can diagnosis

A

pleural space disease
lung
heart
neoplasia

30
Q

what should be used for thoracocentesis to prevent pneumothorax for

A

3 way stop cock

31
Q

what length needle should be used on the 3 way stop cock

A

(Long needle)
at least 1 1/2” long

32
Q

what does the 3 way stop cock allow you to control

A

flow rate of fluid or gas

33
Q

what part of the airway does the transtracheal wash clean

A

lower airway

34
Q

two ways to do transtracheal washes

A

endoscopic
percutaneous

35
Q

two advantages of endoscopic transtracheal wash

A

visualize structures
non invasive

36
Q

three disadvantages to endoscopic transtracheal wash

A

cost
patient resistance
contamination

37
Q

advantage to percutaneous transtracheal wash

A

sterile for cultures

38
Q

disadvantage to percutaneous transtracheal wash

A

invasive

39
Q

bronchoalveolar lavage is sampled from where

A

further down the trachea

40
Q

how many mls are injected in an endoscopic wash

A

100-200 mls

41
Q

percutaneous transtracheal samples are taken from the ventral midline of the neck, in the _____ third of the trachea

A

ventral midline
middle

42
Q

what gauge needle is used for percutaneous transtracheals

A

(Large gauge)
14 gauge

43
Q

three ways to deliver oral medication to equine

A

feed additives
dosing syringe
nasogastric tube

44
Q

In 🐎 🐴

where is the dosing syringe placed for mediation delivery

A

interdental space

45
Q

what tool should not be used as a dosing syringe in horses

A

balling gun

46
Q

three disadvantages to nasogastric intubation

A

bleeding
accidental tracheal intubation
resentment by horse (danger to horse and human)

47
Q

bleeding from nasogastric intubation is never ______

A

fatal

48
Q

when removing a nasogastric tube, the end should be covered in case of what

A

liquid further down the tube can go back into lungs

49
Q

how long can a nasogastric tube be left in place and how should it be secured

A

24-48 hours
tape to halter with small loops

50
Q

how many gallons of water are used for an enema on a 1000 pound horse

A

1-3 gallons

Large Animal Clinical Procedures (10 decks)

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