Equilibrium - Acids and Bases

Question 1

When does equilibrium occur?

Answer 1

when the rate of forwards reactions = the rate of reverse reactions

Question 2

Microscopic properties

Answer 2

are continually changing

Question 3

Macroscopic properties

Answer 3

are constant

Question 4

balance between forward and reverse reactions that are occuring at the same rate so the observable properties are constant

Answer 4

Dynamic equilibrium

Question 5

explains that reverse reaction can occur and the final state is a competition between the forward and reverse reactions

Answer 5

Collision theory

Question 6

What are the requirements to stay at equilibrium?

Answer 6

temp stays constant, system remains closed

Question 7

Homogenous expression

Answer 7

same state

Question 8

Heterogeneous expression

Answer 8

different state

Question 9

What states must always be included in equilibrium expression by law?

Answer 9

gases and aqueous solutions

Question 10

What is the rule about having liquids in equilibrium expressions?

Answer 10

if there is only one liquid, it is not included. if there is more than one liquid then all are added

Question 11

What is never included in an equilibrium expression?

Answer 11

solids

Question 12

Would an increase of decrease in temp affect the value of a systems equilibrium constant?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

What is favored if k > 1?

Answer 13

Products

Question 14

What is favored if k < 1?

Answer 14

Reactants

Question 15

What does it mean when Kc = 1?

Answer 15

Reactants = products

Question 16

T or F: a reaction starts with 100% products and 0% reactants

Answer 16

F, it always starts with 100% reactants and 0% products

Question 17

when a system at equililbrium is disturbed by a change in property, the system adjusts in a way that opposes the change

Answer 17

Le Chatelier’s principle

Question 18

What are stresses that shift equilibriums?

Answer 18

temp, concentration, pressure/volume

Question 19

What happens during a shift right?

Answer 19

concen. of products increase and forward reaction is momentarily favored (reactants also decrease)

Question 20

What happens during a shift left?

Answer 20

concen. of reactants increase and reverse reaction is momentarily favored (products also decrease)

Question 21

What occurs if you increase products?

Answer 21

we shift to reactant side or left

Question 22

What occurs if you decrease products?

Answer 22

we shift to the product side or right

Question 23

What occurs if you increase reactants?

Answer 23

we shift to the product side or right

Question 24

What occurs if you decrease reactants?

Answer 24

we shift to the reactants or left

Question 25

Endothermic reaction and location where energy/heat would be

Answer 25

absorbing heat, energy in reactants

Question 26

Exothermic reaction and location where energy/heat would be

Answer 26

releasing heat, energy in products

Question 27

Is endothermic energy positive or negative?

Answer 27

positive

Question 28

Is exothermic energy positive or negative?

Answer 28

negative

Question 29

What happens when you add heat in an endothermic reaction?

Answer 29

shift right

Question 30

What happens when you remove heat in an endothermic reaction?

Answer 30

shift left

Question 31

What happens when you add heat in an exothermic reaction?

Answer 31

shift left

Question 32

What happens when you remove heat in an exothermic reaction?

Answer 32

shift right

Question 33

According to Boyle's Law, what happens to volume as pressure goes up and vice versa?

Answer 33

volume decreases, and when pressure decreases volume increases

Question 34

Where will the system shift if you increase volume? (decreasing pressure)

Answer 34

the side with most amount of moles

Question 35

Where will the system shift if you decrease volume? (increasing pressure)

Answer 35

the side with least amount of moles

Question 36

How would no shift occur even if pressure/volume changed?

Answer 36

if there are equal moles on each side of expression

Question 37

What shift does the addition of a catalyst or inert gas cause?

Answer 37

no shift

Question 38

How would you be able to identify a heat stress on a graph?

Answer 38

all gradual changes

Question 39

How would you be able to identify a pressure/volume stress on a graph?

Answer 39

all sudden changes

Question 40

How would you be able to identify a concentration stress on a graph?

Answer 40

only one sudden change

Question 41

a proton donor

Answer 41

acids

Question 42

a proton acceptor

Answer 42

bases

Question 43

a pair of substances that differ by only one proton

Answer 43

Conjugate acid-base pair

Question 44

a substance that can act as either an acid or a base in different situations

Answer 44

Amphiprotic species

Question 45

Is water amphiprotic?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

When is modified Arrhenius theory used?

Answer 46

when an acid or base is by itself

Question 47

When is Bronsted-Lowry used?

Answer 47

when an acid-base reaction occurs

Question 48

What is favored when the acid is above the base?

Answer 48

products

Question 49

What is favored when the base is above the acid?

Answer 49

reactants

Question 50

What are the species of HCl?

Answer 50

H3O+ and Cl- (NOT H+!)

Question 51

What is the value of Kw?

Answer 51

1.0 x 10^-14

Question 52

What is the shortcut equation to find pH?

Answer 52

pH= -log√(Ka)(Ci)

Question 53

What is the shortcut equation to find pOH?

Answer 53

pOH= 14-(-log√(Ka)(Ci))

Question 54

What will always be the greatest concentration in any solution?

Answer 54

H2O

Question 55

Monoprotic acid

Answer 55

can donate only 1 proton to base

Question 56

Polyprotic acid

Answer 56

can donate more than 1 proton to base

Question 57

Diprotic acid

Answer 57

can donate 2 protons to base

Question 58

Triprotic acid

Answer 58

can donate 3 protons to base

Question 59

Monoprotic base

Answer 59

can only accept 1 proton

Question 60

Polyprotic base

Answer 60

can accept more than 1 proton

Question 61

Diprotic base

Answer 61

can accept 2 protons from acid

Question 62

Triprotic base

Answer 62

can accept 3 protons from acid

Question 63

complex weak acid or base compound that changes color depending on the H3O+

Answer 63

Indicators

Question 64

What type of reactions are the only ones that produce detectable equivalence points in an acid-base titration?

Answer 64

Quantitative (full arrow)

Question 65

a solution that resists a change in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it

Answer 65

Buffer solution

Question 66

What is a buffer composed of?

Answer 66

weak acid and its conjugate base

Question 67

the limit of the ability of a buffer to maintain pH level

Answer 67

Buffering capacity

Question 68

Can strong acid bases be a buffer?

Answer 68

no

Question 69

any form of precipitation with acidic components that fall to the ground in wet or dry forms

Answer 69

Acid deposition