Equilibrium

Question 1

5 characteristics of an equilibrium state

Answer 1

mdRcs
1. mom - macroscopic properties are constant (temp, pressure, color…)
2. dad - equi can be attained from all direcetions
3. Rony - rate of –> rxn = rate of <– rxn
4. can’t - closed system
5. swim - all species in chem rxn are present in equi rxn

Question 2

kc smaller than 1

Answer 2

reactants favored

Question 3

kc bigger than 1

Answer 3

products favored

Question 4

[R] conc increases

Answer 4

equi shifts to right (product side) to use up reactants added

Question 5

[p] conc increases

Answer 5

equi shifts to left to use up products added

Question 6

how is pressure changed

Answer 6

1) adding/removing reactants or products
2) changing volume of vessel

Question 7

pressure increases

Answer 7

shifts to the side with greater amount of gaseous molecules

Question 8

pressure decreases

Answer 8

shifts to side with fewest amount of gaseous molecules

Question 9

exothermic rxn delta H =?

Answer 9

negative - bc heat is exiting therefore -ve

Question 10

endothermic rxn delta H =?

Answer 10

positive - bc heat is entering the system

Question 11

temperature increases (exothermic)

Answer 11

equilibrium shifts to the left and the Kc is reduced

Question 12

temperature decreases (exothermic)

Answer 12

equilibrium shifts to the right and Kc increases

Question 13

temperature increases (endothermic)

Answer 13

equilibrium shifts to the right and Kc increases

Question 14

temperature decreases (endothermic)

Answer 14

equilibrium shifts to the left and Kc decreases

Question 15

homogenous equilibrium

Answer 15

reactants and products are present in the same phase/state

Question 16

ICE method

Answer 16

I = initial mol of each
C = change in mol of each
E = equilibrium mol of each
- depends on container, if 1 keep the same but if 10 or smth else divide by it

Question 17

GFE less than 0

Answer 17

spontaneous and rxn proceeds forwards

Question 18

GFE more than 0

Answer 18

non-spon and rxn proceeds backwards

Question 19

GFE = 0

Answer 19

@ equilibrium

Question 20

rearranged version of: ΔG = - RT lnk to find K

Answer 20

k = e^-ΔG/RT

Question 21

Entropy

Answer 21

degree of disorder in a system, more gaseous moles = more disorder therefore increase therefore positive ΔS

Question 22

Reaction quotient Q

Answer 22

ratio of products and reactants for a reaction that has not reached equilibrium