acids and bases Flashcards
bronsted-lowry acid?
a species that gives away a proton
bronsted-lowry base?
species that accepts a proton using its lone pair of electrons
HA + :B -><- A- + HB+
difference between amphiprotic and amphoteric
amphoteric means its has both basic and acid characteristics whereas amphiprotic means it can act a proton doner and as a proton acceptor all amphiprotic substances are amphoteric
Kw constant
Kw = [H+][OH-]
strong vs weak acid
strong acid dissociates completely in aq solutions whereas weak acid partially dissociates therefore for strong acid just a forward arrow and weak acids an equilibrium arrow
strong vs weak base
strong base completely dissociates in aq solutions whereas weak only does partially therefore same rule as weak strong acid
electrical conductivity
stronger acid = conduct more electricity cuz has more H+
pH curves: strong acid strong base
- starts low at pH of 1ish as NaOH is added gradual rise
- equi pt is at 7
than flattens
pH curves: weak acid and strong base
- equi pt is above 7
- starts at around 3 and flattens out at 14ish
at the half equi pt?
when starting with acid: pKa = pH
when starting with base: pKb = pOH
pH curves: weak base + strong acid
- pH at equi pt is below 7
- starts at pH of 11 ends at low pH of 1ish
(upside down)
weak acid + weak base
- equi pt roughly at 7
- starts at pH of 11 and ends at pH of 3
large Ka value =?
large pKa value =?
large Kb value =?
large pKb value =?
large Ka value = strong acid
large pKa value = weak acid
large Kb value = strong base
large pKb value = weak base
acid dissociation constant Ka
Ka = [H+]^2/[HA]
base dissociation constant Kb
Kb = [OH-]^2/[B]
