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Ultrasound Physics Review > Equations & Units > Flashcards

Equations & Units Flashcards

1
Q

Frequency:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • f = 1/T
  • Hz, cycles/sec, per second
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2
Q

Period:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • T = 1/f
  • seconds
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3
Q

Pressure:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • pressure = force/area
  • Pascals (Pa)
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4
Q

Wavelength:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • wavelength = c/f
  • mm
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5
Q

Pulse Repetition Period (PRP):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • PRP = 1/PRF
  • seconds
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6
Q

Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • PRF = 1/PRP
  • Hz
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7
Q

Intensity:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • Intensity = power/beam area
  • mW/cm^2
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8
Q

Beam Uniformity Factor (BUF):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • BUF = SP/SA
  • No units
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9
Q

10 dB:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • dB = 10 log (I/I original); dB = 10 log (P/P original); dB = 20 log (A/A original)
  • No units
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10
Q

3 dB:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • Use step method (either half (negative) or double (positive))
  • mW/cm^2
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11
Q

Half Value Layer Thickness (HVLT):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • HVLT = 3 dB/f x AC
  • cm
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12
Q

Impedance:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • Impedance = density x velocity
  • Rayls (Z) or rayls (z)
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13
Q

Intensity Reflection Coefficient (IRC):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • IRC = Ir/Ii
  • %
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14
Q

Intensity Transmission Coefficient (ITC):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • ITC = It/Ii
  • %
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15
Q

Total Attenuation (TA):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • TA = AC x f x PL
  • dB
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16
Q

Density:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • Density = kg/m^3
  • kg/m^3
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17
Q

Incident Intensity:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • Ii = Ir + It;
    100% = %R + %T
  • %
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18
Q

%R:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • %R = [ z2 - z1/z2 + z1]^2
  • No units
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19
Q

Round Trip:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • RT = (%T)^2
  • %
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20
Q

Duty Factor (DF):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • DF = PD/PRP
  • No units
21
Q

Spatial Pulse Length (SPL):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • SPL = wavelength x # cycles in pulse
  • mm
22
Q

Axial Resolution:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • Axial Resolution = SPL/2
  • mm
23
Q

Frame Time:

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • Frame Time = (13 us/cm) x (image depth (cm)/line) x (# line/frame)
  • us/frame
24
Q

Frame Rate (or Frame Frequency):

  • Equation?
  • Units?
A
  • Frame Rate = # of frames/frame time
  • MHz
25
Q Factor (QF): - Equation? - Units?
- QF = main frequency/bandwidth - No units
26
Bandwidth (BW): - Equation? - Units?
- BW = max - min - MHz
27
Near Zone Length (NZL): - Equation? - Units?
- NZL = (diameter ^2 x frequency)/(6 mm/us); NZL = (diameter^2)/(4 x wavelength) - mm
28
Divergence of an angle: - Equation? - Units?
- sin = (1.2 x wavelength)/diameter - ???
29
Bernoulli's equation: - Equation? - Units?
- Constant = P + 1/2pv^2 + pgh - ???
30
Pulsatility Index (PI): - Equation? - Units?
- PI = (max - min)/average - No units
31
Resistivity Index (RI): - Equation? - Units?
- RI = (max - min)/max - No units
32
Doppler Shift: - Equation? - Units?
- Doppler Shift = reflected frequency - transmitted frequency - Hz
33
Doppler Equation: - Equation? - Units?
- fD = (2 x f original x v x cos)/c - ???
34
Nyquist Limit: - Equation? - Units?
- Nyquist Limit = PRF/2 - MHz
35
Equation of Continuity: - Equation? - Units?
- Q = v x area; A1 x v1 = A2 x v2 - ???
36
Parallel: - Equation? - Units?
- 1/ReQ = (1/R1) + (1/R2) - No units
37
Law of Hemodynamics: - Equation? - Units?
- change of P = Q x R - ???
38
Capacitance: - Equation? - Units?
- Capacitance = change in volume/change in time - ???
39
Compliance: - Equation? - Units?
- Compliance = change in volume/change in pressure - ???
40
Poiseuille's Law: - Equation? - Units?
- Q = (pi x change in P x r^4)/8 x viscosity x L - ???
41
Reynold's Number (RN): - Equation? - Units?
- RN = (P x v x diameter)/viscosity - No units
42
Resistance: - Equation? - Units?
- R = (8 x viscosity x L)/(pi x r^4) - ???
43
Thermal Index (TI): - Equation? - Units?
- TI = W original/W deg - No units
44
Mechanical Index (MI): - Equation? - Units?
- MI = (peak rare fractional pressure)/(f original)^1/2 - ???
45
Sensitivity: - Equation? - Units?
- Sensitivity = TP/(TP + FN) - Fraction or %
46
Specificity: - Equation? - Units?
- Specificity = TN/(TN + FP) - Fraction or %
47
Overall Accuracy (OA): - Equation? - Units?
- OA = (TP + TN)/ (TP + TN + FP + FN) - Fraction or %
48
Positive Predictive Value (PPV): - Equation? - Units?
- PPV = [TP/(TP + FP)] x 100 - Fraction or %

Ultrasound Physics Review (30 decks)

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