Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy exam 1 > equations and blood pressure flow > Flashcards

equations and blood pressure flow Flashcards

1
Q

preload, contractibility, and after load govern _____ _____

A

stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

increase preload and contractility _____ stroke volume

increased after load _____ stroke volume

A

increases

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the amount o tension in the ventricular myocardium before it begins to contract

A

preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

increased preload means ____ force of contraction

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

exercise _____ venous return and _____ myocardium

cadiomyocytes generate ____ tension during contraction

_____ cardiac output matches venous return

this relates to:

A

increases, stretches

more

increased

PRELOAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stroke volume is proportional to the ____ ____ ____

A

end diastolic volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ventricles eject blood as much as they receive, so the more they are _____, the harder they _____

A

stretched

contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what relates to the length tension relationship of striated muscle

A

stroke volume proportional to end diastolic volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the optimum resting length in micrometers of cardiac muscle

A

2-2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is how hard the myocardium contracts for a given preload

A

contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

positive inotropic agents raise ____ to increase contractility

what blood disorder can cause strong prolonged contractions and even cardiac arrest in systole

A

calcium

hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

negative ionotropic agents reduce contractility via lowering _____

as well as

raising _____, how does this lower it
lowering ____, how does this lower it

A

calcium

potassium; prevents depolarization
potassium; hyper polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the sun of all forces opposing ejection of blood from ventricles

A

afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the largest afterload force

it opposes opening of _____ valves
limits ____ ___

A

blood pressure

semilunar
stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what condition can increase afterload and oppose ventricular ejection

what is the bigger picture around afterload and diseases

A

hypertension

anything that impedes arterial circulation can increase afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the _____ nervous system raises HR,

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chronotropic:
inotropic:

A

heart rate
stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the amount ejected by each ventricle in 1 min

A

cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

regular cardiac output for: (L/min)

rest
fit person during exercise
world class athlete

A

5
21
40+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the difference between a persons maximum and resting cardiac output

A

cardiac reserve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cardiac reserve ____ with fitness, and ____ with disease

A

increases

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cardiac output = ____ x ____

A

heart rate

stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what 4 things do capillaries pass between blood and tissue fluid

A

gasses
nutrients
wastes
hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what 5 things are capillaries scarce in

A

tendons
ligaments
epithelia
cornea
lense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what type of capillaries are in most tissues and organs

their endothelial cells have ____ junctions

they form a continuous tube with ____ ___ that allow passage of solutes such as glucose

____ wrap around capillaries and contain the same contractile protein as muscle so that they can ____ and regulate blood flow

A

continuous

tight

intercellular clefts

pericytes, contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what type of capillaries are in organs that require rapid absorption or filtration

what are 3 examples of these organs (k,i,c)

their endothelial cells are riddles with holes called ____ ___ which are spanned by a very thin ____ layer and allow the passive of only ___ molecules

A

fenestrated capillaries (fenestrations=windows)

kidneys, intestine, CSF

filtration pores

glycoprotein

small

27
Q

what are the most permeable kind of capillaries

what 3 places are they found (l,bm,s)

they are ___ blood filled spaces with wide fenestrations

what 3 things do they allow to enter into circulation

A

sinusoids

liver, bone marrow, sleen

irregular

proteins (albumin), clotting factors, new blood cells

28
Q

capillary beds are networks of __-__ capillaries

they are usually supplied by a single ___ or ____

they drain into a ___ or distal end of a ____

A

10-100

arteriole, metarteriole

venue, metarteriole

29
Q

at any given time, what percent of capillaries are shut down

most control involves contraction of ____ arterioles

A

75

upstream

30
Q

what control the blood flow in capillary beds supplied with metarterioles

when relaxed, capillaries are ___ perfused with blood

when contracted, blood is ___ to the capillary

A

pre capillary sphincters

well

bypassed

31
Q

veins are essentially blood reservoirs, so they are ___ walled and flaccid. they collapse when empty and expand _____. they have ____ blood flow (unlike arteries with pulses) and have ___ blood pressure in them.

A

thin

easily

steady

low

32
Q

what is the pathway where blood flows though two consecutive capillary networks before returning to the heart

what 2 organs utilize this

A

portal system

kidneys and liver

33
Q

what is the pathway where there is convergence between two vessels other than capillaries

A

anastomosis

34
Q

what is the amount of blood flowing through an organ, tissue, or blood vessel in a given time

what are the units

A

blood flow

mL/min

35
Q

what is flow per given volume or mass of tissue in a given time

what are the units

A

perfusion

mL/min/g

36
Q

at rest, total flow is ___ and equal to the ____ ___

A

constant

cardiac output

37
Q

what is the physical principles of blood flow based on pressure and resistance

A

hemodynamics

38
Q

the greater the pressure difference between two points, the ____ the flow

the greater the resistance, the ___ the flow

A

greater

less

39
Q

mean arterial blood pressure / systemic vascular pressure =

A

cardiac output

40
Q

what is the average systemic pressure - central venous pressure

A

pressure difference

41
Q

resistance is ____ proportional to the radius of a blood vessel

A

inversely

42
Q

for each pound of fat you gain, you gain ___ miles of blood vessels

A

200

43
Q

what is the force that blood exerts against a vessel wall

A

blood pressure

44
Q

blood pressure is measured at the brachial artery using a ________ because it is a close approximation of pressure at the exit of the ____ ___

A

sphygmomanometer

left ventricle

45
Q

systolic pressure is the ___ taken during ventricular contraction

diastolic pressure is the ___ arterial BP taken during diastole between heartbeats

A

peak

minimum

46
Q

what is a good pressure for a young adult

A

120

75

47
Q

what is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

A

pulse pressure

48
Q

what is an important measure of driving force on circulation and of stress exerted on small arteries by pressure surges generated by the heart

A

pulse pressure

49
Q

mean arterial pressure = _ ____ + ____

A

1/3 pulse pressure + diastolic pressure

50
Q

blood spurts in ___ from arteries

and ____ in veins

A

increments

steadily

51
Q

what is the stiffening of arteries due to deterioration of elastic tissues of artery walls due to age

A

ARTERIOsclerosis

52
Q

what is the build up of lipid deposits that become plaques

A

ATHEROsclerosis

53
Q

what is hypertension

what is the BP in this case

consequences:
can weaken ____, cause ____, and promote _____

A

high blood pressure

140+/90

arteries, aneurysms, atherosclerosis

54
Q

what is hypotension

what 3 things is it caused by

A

low blood pressure

blood loss, hypertension, anemia

55
Q

cardiac output
blood volume
resistance to flow

dictate…

A

blood pressure

56
Q

what has the largest influence on blood pressure of any organ besides the heart

A

kidneys

57
Q

what is the opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels away from the heart

it is affected by:
blood _____
vessel ____
vessel ____

A

peripheral resistance

viscosity
length
radius

58
Q

what two things raise blood viscosity the most

A

RBC count and albumin concentration

59
Q

low viscosity/ speedy flow disease(2):

high viscosity/ slow flow diseases (2):

A

anemia
hypoprotinemia

polycythemia
dehydration

60
Q

pressure and flow ___ with vessel length increase

A

decrease

61
Q

what is the most powerful influence on blood flow

the only significant way of controlling resistance

A

vessel radius

62
Q

what is it called when blood flows in layers and faster in the center

A

laminar flow

63
Q

small changes in blood vessel radius can cause large changes in flow because the formula is

blood flow is proportional to ____

A

radius to the 4th power `

64
Q
A

anatomy exam 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions