Equations

Question 1

Plank’s frequency relation

Answer 1

E = h(f or nu)

E=energy
h= Plank’s constant (6.63 x 10^-34 Js)
f=frequency

Question 2

What equation is similar to Plank’s frequency relation?

Answer 2

c/v=wavelength x frequency (v or nu)

Question 3

When would Plank’s frequency relation be used?

Answer 3

To calculate energy or frequency

Question 4

Angular momentum equation

Answer 4

L=nh/2(pi)

n=principal quantum number
h=Plank’s constant

Question 5

Plank’s constant

Answer 5

6.63 x 10^-34 Js

Question 6

When would angular momentum of an electron around a hydrogen be used?

Answer 6

Quantized by higher principle number, higher momentum

Larger principle quantum numbers have higher momentum

Question 7

Energy of an electron equation

Answer 7

E=-RH/n^2

Question 8

When would the energy of an electron be important?

Answer 8

Energy of electron is directly proportional to the principle quantum number
Because of negative sign, larger number gets closer to zero, larger

Question 9

Rydberg unit of energy

Answer 9

2.18 x 10^-18 J/electron

Question 10

Avagadro’s number

Answer 10

6.02 x 10^23
Measure of things - usually measures a number of atoms within a mass number
1 mol=6.02 x 10^23 atoms= # amu
The units of a mol

Question 11

Electromagnetic energy of a photon equation

Answer 11

E=hc/(wavelength) or

-RH[1/n^2-1/n^2]

Question 12

Speed of light (c)

Answer 12

3 x 10^8 m/s

Question 13

Max number of electrons in a shell

Answer 13

2n^2

Question 14

Values of l

Answer 14

Subshell
0=s
1=p
2=d
3=f

Question 15

Max number of electrons in a subshell

Answer 15

4l + 2

Question 16

Max value of l

Answer 16

0 to n-1

Question 17

ml

Answer 17

Orbital within subshell

Question 18

Max electrons in a orbital

Answer 18

2e

Question 19

Values of ml/orbitals per l

Answer 19

any l has 2l +1 values of ml

Question 20

Orbitals/ml per principle number

Answer 20

n^2

Question 21

Values of ms

Answer 21

+1/2, -1/2

Question 22

How to determine which subshell is lower

Answer 22

n +1

If same, lower n will fill first

Question 23

Values of ml

Answer 23

between -l and +l

Question 24

Percent composition

Answer 24

All of them= 1

Each one’s mass number amount= given atomic weight

Question 25

1 amt =

Answer 25

760 Torr = 760 mmHg = 101.325 kPa

Question 26

STP

Answer 26

273 K 1 atm For gas law calculations

Question 27

Standard conditions

Answer 27

298 K 1 M For entropy, enthalpy, Gibb's free energy, and electromotive forces

Question 28

Ideal gas law

Answer 28

PV=nRT

Question 29

R

Answer 29

Ideal gas constant 8.21 x 10^-2 Latm/molK or 8.314 J/molK

Question 30

How much does 1 mol of ideal gas occupy?

Answer 30

22.4 L

Question 31

Density equation

Answer 31

=m/V = PM/RT

Question 32

Combined gas law

Answer 32

PV1/T1 = PV2/T2

Question 33

When would the combined gas law be used?

Answer 33

When the moles stay constant, but need to find the other factor

Question 34

How to find density from combined gas law?

Answer 34

Substitue V1= 22.4 L and use STP to compare to current | Then divide mass/new volume

Question 35

How to find molar mass from combined gas law?

Answer 35

Used combined gas to find V at STP Divide weight by newfound liter amount Multiply g/L by ideal gas volume = g/mol Density at STP x volume of one mol

Question 36

Avagadro's principle

Answer 36

n/V=k n1/V1=n2/V2 k is a constant

Question 37

Gibb's free energy equation

Answer 37

Delta G= Delta H- TDelta(S)

Question 38

Percent by mass

Answer 38

mass of solute/mass of solution x 100

Question 39

Mole fraction

Answer 39

mol of A/mol of all species

Question 40

Molarity

Answer 40

mol solute/L solution

Question 41

p value=

Answer 41

m-0.n

Question 42

Ka

Answer 42

[H3O=]{A-]/[HA]

Question 43

Kb

Answer 43

[B+][OH-]/[BOH]

Question 44

Faraday's constant

Answer 44

10^5 C/mol e-

Question 45

Electrodeposition equation

Answer 45

mol M=It/nF n=oxidation state

Question 46

Boyle's Law

Answer 46

PV=k | PV=PV

Question 47

Charles's Law

Answer 47

V/T=k | V/T=V/T

Question 48

Gay-Lussac's Law

Answer 48

P/T=k | P1/T1=P2/T2

Question 49

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

Answer 49

Ptotal=PA + PB +PC ...

Question 50

Partial pressure equation

Answer 50

PA=XA(PT) | XA=mol of gas A/total moles of gas

Question 51

Vapor pressure

Answer 51

``` [A]= kH x Pa [A]1/P1=[A]2/P2= kH ``` [A]=concentration kH=Henry's constant PA=partial pressure of A

Question 52

Average kinetic energy of a gas

Answer 52

KE=1/2mv^2=(3/2)kBT kB=Boltzmann constant

Question 53

Boltzmann constant (kB)

Answer 53

1.38 x 10^-23 J/KT

Question 54

Root-mean-square speed (u rms)

Answer 54

u rms= Square root (3RT/M) R=ideal gas constant M=molar mass in kg/mol

Question 55

R (Ideal gas constant)

Answer 55

8.314 J/Kmol

Question 56

Graham's law

Answer 56

r1/r2=Square root(M2/M1) Ex. A gas that has a molar mass 4x of another, it will travel half as fast

Question 57

Van der Waals Equation of State

Answer 57

(P +n^2a/V^2)(V-nb)=nRT ab=constants for each gas

Question 58

a constant

Answer 58

Corrects for attractive forces (smaller for smaller less polarizable molecules and largest for polar moleucles)

Question 59

b constant

Answer 59

Corrects for volume of molecules due to size

Question 60

Standard electromotive force (emf)

Answer 60

E(cell)=E(red,cathode)-E(red,anode)

Question 61

Do you multiply cell potentials when coming up with net reactions?

Answer 61

No

Question 62

Delta G and emf

Answer 62

Delta G= -nFEcell n=mols of electrons exchanged F=Faraday constant Ecell=standard emf

Question 63

Deviation from normal cell emf

Answer 63

Ecell=E(cell standard) - RT/nF (lnQ) Q=reaction quotient

Question 64

Simplified deviation from normal cell emf

Answer 64

E cell=E(cell standard) -0.0592/n(logQ)

Question 65

Reaction quotient

Answer 65

Q=[C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b Lower case is number in front

Question 66

Delta G equation

Answer 66

-RTlnKeq

Question 67

Change in Free energy of electrochemical cell with varying concentration

Answer 67

Delta G= Delta G(standard) + RTlnQ

Question 68

Rate law

Answer 68

k[A]^x[B]^y

Question 69

Arrhenius equation

Answer 69

k=Ae^-Ea/RT

Question 70

Radioactive decay

Answer 70

[A]t=[A]e^-kt

Question 71

Concentration of Solution after dilution

Answer 71

MV=MV

Question 72

Normality

Answer 72

mols solute/kg solvent

Question 73

Boiling point depression expression

Answer 73

Delta(T)=iKbm i=van't Hoff factor=number of particles in which a compound dissociates (NaCl=2) Kb=proportionality constant of the solvent m=molality Temperature in Kelvin

Question 74

Density of water

Answer 74

1g/mL

Question 75

Freezing point depression

Answer 75

Delta T f=iKfm i=van t'Hoff Kf=proportionality constant m=molality Temperature in Kelvin